VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Apr 1;209:107892. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107892. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
Although cigarettes and alcohol are frequently used together, few studies have evaluated evidence of attentional bias to both smoking and alcohol cues. Attentional bias (AB) is defined as preferential attention to drug-specific cues and is most often studied in a laboratory with one cue type. AB may be an important mechanism associated with cigarette and alcohol co-use. In this study, we evaluated AB to both smoking and alcohol cues in daily life using ambulatory assessment.
Daily smokers (N = 21) who consume moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol completed surveys and a dot probe task four times per day using a personal digital assistant over a period of 1 week.
Aggregated over subjects, there was evidence of AB to smoking and AB to alcohol cues. When smoking AB was higher than the person-specific average, alcohol AB was elevated, and when alcohol AB was higher than the person-specific average, smoking AB was elevated. AB was not significantly associated with craving for cigarettes or alcohol.
It is feasible to assess AB for cigarette and alcohol cues using ambulatory assessment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a within-subject association between AB for two drug cues. The relationship between cigarette and alcohol use is likely dynamic and depends on context and exposure to substance-specific cues. Additionally, a larger sample may be needed to evaluate relationships between AB and craving. Further research on possible cognitive mechanisms that increase the likelihood of co-use can inform targeted interventions.
尽管香烟和酒精经常一起使用，但很少有研究评估过对吸烟和酒精线索的注意力偏向的证据。注意力偏向（AB）被定义为对药物特异性线索的优先注意，并且最常在实验室中使用一种线索类型进行研究。AB 可能是与香烟和酒精共同使用相关的重要机制。在这项研究中，我们使用移动评估来评估日常生活中对吸烟和酒精线索的 AB。
在一周的时间内，每天使用个人数字助理四次完成调查和点探测任务，共有 21 名每日吸烟者（N=21），他们摄入中等至大量的酒精。
综合来看，有吸烟和酒精线索的 AB 证据。当吸烟 AB 高于个体平均水平时，酒精 AB 升高，当酒精 AB 高于个体平均水平时，吸烟 AB 升高。AB 与对香烟或酒精的渴望没有显著关联。
使用移动评估评估香烟和酒精线索的 AB 是可行的。据我们所知，这是第一项报告两种药物线索之间的个体内关联的研究。香烟和酒精使用之间的关系可能是动态的，取决于背景和对特定物质线索的暴露。此外，可能需要更大的样本量来评估 AB 与渴望之间的关系。进一步研究可能增加共同使用可能性的认知机制，可以为有针对性的干预措施提供信息。
