Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Mar 19;23(4):748-755. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa049.
Previous studies have highlighted a strong bidirectional relationship between cigarette and alcohol consumption. To advance our understanding of this relationship the present study uses a behavioral economic approach in a community sample (N = 383) of nontreatment seeking heavy drinking smokers.
The aims were to examine same-substance and cross-substance relationships between alcohol and cigarette use, and latent factors of demand. A community sample of nontreatment seeking heavy drinking smokers completed an in-person assessment battery including measures of alcohol and tobacco use as well as the Cigarette Purchase Task and the Alcohol Purchase Task. Latent factors of demand were derived from these hypothetical purchase tasks.
Results revealed a positive correlation between paired alcohol and cigarette demand indices (eg, correlation between alcohol intensity and cigarette intensity) (rs = 0.18-0.46, p ≤ .003). Over and above alcohol factors, cigarette use variables (eg, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and cigarettes per smoking day) significantly predicted an additional 4.5% (p < .01) of the variance in Persistence values but not Amplitude values for alcohol. Over and above cigarette factors, alcohol use variables predicted cigarette Persistence values (ΔR2 = .013, p = .05), however, did not predict Amplitude values.
These results advance our understanding of the overlap between cigarette and alcohol by demonstrating that involvement with one substance was associated with demand for the other substance. This asymmetric profile-from smoking to alcohol demand, but not vice versa-suggests that it is not simply tapping into a generally higher reward sensitivity and warrants further investigation.
To our knowledge, no study to date has examined alcohol and cigarette demand, via hypothetical purchase tasks, in a clinical sample of heavy drinking smokers. This study demonstrates that behavioral economic indices may be sensitive to cross-substance relationships and specifically that such relationships are asymmetrically stronger for smoking variables affecting alcohol demand, not the other way around.
先前的研究强调了吸烟和饮酒之间的强双向关系。为了深入了解这种关系，本研究在一个非治疗性寻求重度饮酒吸烟者的社区样本（N=383）中使用了行为经济学方法。
目的是检查酒精和香烟使用之间的同物质和跨物质关系，以及需求的潜在因素。一个非治疗性寻求重度饮酒吸烟者的社区样本完成了现场评估电池，包括酒精和烟草使用的测量，以及香烟购买任务和酒精购买任务。这些假设购买任务得出了需求的潜在因素。
结果显示，配对的酒精和香烟需求指数之间存在正相关（例如，酒精强度和香烟强度之间的相关性）（rs=0.18-0.46，p≤.003）。除了酒精因素外，香烟使用变量（例如，尼古丁依赖测试和每天吸烟的香烟数）显著预测了酒精持续值的另外 4.5%（p<.01），但不能预测酒精幅度值。除了香烟因素外，酒精使用变量预测了香烟持续值（ΔR2=0.013，p=0.05），但不能预测幅度值。
这些结果通过证明对一种物质的参与与对另一种物质的需求相关，从而加深了我们对香烟和酒精之间重叠的理解。这种不对称的模式——从吸烟到酒精需求，而不是反之亦然——表明这不仅仅是因为一般来说更高的奖励敏感性，值得进一步研究。
据我们所知，迄今为止，没有研究在重度饮酒吸烟者的临床样本中通过假设购买任务来检查酒精和香烟的需求。本研究表明，行为经济学指数可能对跨物质关系敏感，特别是这种关系在吸烟变量影响酒精需求方面更为不对称，而不是相反。
