Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
BMJ Open. 2020 Feb 14;10(2):e034258. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034258.
To evaluate race-ethnic and gender disparities in National Health Service (NHS) England employment in position, prestige and pay.
National study using data from NHS Digital.
Trusts and clinical commissioning groups in England.
1 105 390 NHS Hospital and Community Health Service staff.
Chinese people (42.9%, 95% CI 41.7% to 44.1%) are the most likely to be employed as doctors, followed by Asians (28.6%, 95% CI 28.3% to 28.8%) and people of mixed race/ethnicity (17.9%, 95% CI 17.3% to 18.4%); while white people (6.8%, 95% CI 6.7% to 6.8%) are less likely to be employed as doctors. However, white doctors are the most likely to be in the highest paid positions: 46.0% (95% CI 45.6% to 46.4%) of white doctors are consultants, whereas only 33.4% (95% CI 31.6% to 35.2%) of Chinese doctors are consultants. Black people are under-represented both among doctors and as consultants: 6.5% (95% CI 6.4% to 6.7%) of black employees are doctors and 30.6% (95% CI 29.2% to 32.0%) of black doctors are consultants. We found similar results for nurses and health visitors, where white people are over-represented in the higher pay bands. However, among support staff for doctors, nurses and midwives, we found that Chinese people were over-represented in the higher pay bands. These race-ethnic differences were similar for women and men. Additionally, we found that men were more likely to be employed in higher pay bands than women, and this gender disparity was apparent across race-ethnic groups.
Race-ethnic and gender disparities exist in the NHS in position, prestige and pay. To begin to overcome such disparities, the NHS must collect data using consistent race-ethnic categories in order to examine differences over time.
评估英国国民保健服务体系（NHS）中在职位、声望和薪酬方面的种族-民族和性别差异。
利用 NHS 数字数据进行的全国性研究。
英格兰的信托机构和临床委托团体。
1105390 名 NHS 医院和社区卫生服务人员。
中国人（42.9%，95%置信区间 41.7%至 44.1%）最有可能担任医生，其次是亚洲人（28.6%，95%置信区间 28.3%至 28.8%）和多种族/族裔混合人群（17.9%，95%置信区间 17.3%至 18.4%）；而白人（6.8%，95%置信区间 6.7%至 6.8%）担任医生的可能性较小。然而，白人医生最有可能处于薪酬最高的职位：46.0%（95%置信区间 45.6%至 46.4%）的白人医生是顾问，而只有 33.4%（95%置信区间 31.6%至 35.2%）的中国医生是顾问。黑人在医生和顾问中都代表性不足：6.5%（95%置信区间 6.4%至 6.7%）的黑人雇员是医生，而 30.6%（95%置信区间 29.2%至 32.0%）的黑人医生是顾问。我们在护士和健康访视员中发现了类似的结果，其中白人在较高的薪酬带中占多数。然而，在医生、护士和助产士的支持人员中，我们发现中国人在较高的薪酬带中占多数。这些种族-民族差异在女性和男性中相似。此外，我们发现男性比女性更有可能在较高的薪酬带中就业，这种性别差异在各个种族-民族群体中都很明显。
在职位、声望和薪酬方面，NHS 存在种族-民族和性别差异。为了开始克服这些差异，NHS 必须使用一致的种族-民族类别收集数据，以便随着时间的推移检查差异。
