Devising a new dialogue for nutrition science: how life course perspective, U-shaped thinking, whole organism thinking, and language precision contribute to our understanding of biological heterogeneity and forge a fresh advance toward precision medicine.

The process of designing and implementing individualized health-promoting interventions, nutritional or otherwise, is fraught with great difficulty owing to the heterogeneity inherent in factors that influence healthy longevity. This article proposes that careful attention to three principles-life course perspective, U-shaped thinking, and whole organism thinking-creates an attitudinal framework that can be used to reframe biological heterogeneity into the clinically relevant question: Who will benefit? The search for tools to cope with the complexity of this heterogeneity has been dominated by technological advances, including state-of-the-art "-omics" approaches and machine-based handling of "big data." Here, it is proposed that language precision and nuanced category usage could provide critical tools for coping with heterogeneity, thereby enabling interventionalists to design and implement strategies to promote healthy longevity with greater precision. The lack of a clear understanding of "Who will benefit?" stands as a major obstacle to the design and implementation of nutritional strategies to optimize healthy longevity. This article opens a new dialogue situating the principles of life course perspective, U-shaped thinking, and whole organism thinking, along with cultivating an attitude of language precision at the very core of accelerating creative discovery and refining practical advance in the field of nutrition science.