Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, 1000 East 1st Street, Mail Stop 529, Greenville, NC 27858 USA; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, 100 W Franklin St., Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220 USA.
Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, 1000 East 1st Street, Mail Stop 529, Greenville, NC 27858 USA; Cancer Prevention and Control, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Apr 1;209:107886. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107886. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
Limited research has examined indicators of electronic cigarette (ECIG) dependence. Researchers have adapted ECIG dependence measures from cigarette smoking dependence measures, but few have examined unique aspects of ECIG dependence. This study used concept mapping, a mixed-methods approach to examine ECIG user-identified indicators of ECIG dependence.
In 2019, we recruited current ECIG users (n = 75; 52.9 % women; mean age = 33.2, SD = 9.9) from 25 states to complete an online study. Participants completed a brief survey and brainstormed statements (n = 216) completing the prompt: "Something specific that makes me think I am addicted to using my electronic cigarette/vaping device is…" After duplicate content was removed, participants sorted the final list of 93 statements by content similarity and rated statements on how true statements were for them (1 - Definitely NOT true to 7 - Definitely true). Multidimensional scaling analysis identified ECIG dependence thematic clusters.
We identified ten themes: Craving, Negative Affect, Vaping as a Necessity, Therapeutic Effects, Preparedness, Attachment to Device, Impact on Daily Activity, Physical Withdrawal Symptoms, Monetary Cost, and Shame or Embarrassment. Those who had higher ECIG dependence scores and those who reported more frequent ECIG use had higher mean cluster ratings than those with lower ECIG dependence scores and who reported less frequent ECIG use. (ps<.05).
ECIG dependence has similarities to cigarette smoking dependence, but dependence indicators appear to be unique to ECIG use. Health professionals and the public should be aware of ECIG dependence risk and indicators.
目前有关电子烟（ECIG）依赖的研究较少。研究人员从香烟依赖的测量方法中改编了电子烟依赖的测量方法，但很少有研究关注电子烟依赖的独特方面。本研究使用概念图，一种混合方法来检查电子烟用户识别的电子烟依赖指标。
2019 年，我们从 25 个州招募了 75 名当前的电子烟使用者（52.9%为女性；平均年龄 33.2，标准差 9.9）参加一项在线研究。参与者完成了一项简短的调查，并提出了 216 条陈述（提示为：“让我觉得我对使用电子烟/蒸气装置上瘾的具体原因是……”），完成后删除重复内容，参与者根据内容相似性对最终的 93 条陈述进行排序，并对陈述对他们的真实性进行评分（1-完全不真实到 7-完全真实）。多维标度分析确定了电子烟依赖的主题聚类。
我们确定了十个主题：渴望、负面情绪、将 vaping 视为必需、治疗效果、准备状态、对设备的依恋、对日常活动的影响、身体戒断症状、金钱成本和羞耻或尴尬。那些电子烟依赖得分较高且报告电子烟使用频率较高的人与那些电子烟依赖得分较低且报告电子烟使用频率较低的人相比，对这些主题的聚类评价更高（p<.05）。
电子烟依赖与香烟依赖有相似之处，但依赖指标似乎是电子烟使用所特有的。卫生专业人员和公众应该意识到电子烟依赖的风险和指标。
