电子烟液口味和尼古丁浓度对年轻成年香烟吸烟者滥用倾向主观测量的影响。
Influence of electronic cigarette liquid flavors and nicotine concentration on subjective measures of abuse liability in young adult cigarette smokers.
机构信息
Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
出版信息
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Oct 1;203:27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.024. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
BACKGROUND
A rapidly evolving tobacco marketplace highlights the timeliness of the FDA's authority to regulate tobacco, specifically the role that flavorings in nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (ECIG) liquids have on public health. This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which ECIG liquid flavor and nicotine concentration influenced subjective measures of abuse liability among young adult cigarette (cig) smokers.
METHODS
Young adult (18-21 y.o.) smokers (M = 10.1 cig/day, no regular ECIG use history) completed 7 Latin-square ordered conditions each preceded by 12 h. nicotine/tobacco abstinence. Conditions were own brand cig (OB) and eGo-style ECIG paired with three liquid flavors (cream, tropical fruit, tobacco/menthol) varying in nicotine concentration (0 or 36 mg/ml). Products were administered in two 10-puff bouts in each condition. Heart rate/blood pressure (HR/BP) and tobacco/nicotine abstinence symptoms, nicotine/general drug effects, and acceptability measures were assessed repeatedly throughout sessions. Mixed linear models were followed-up with Tukey's HSD t-tests.
RESULTS
HR/BP indicated nicotine exposure during nicotine-containing conditions. OB and tobacco/menthol 36 mg/ml conditions produced significant decreases in ratings of cig smoking urges. Nicotine/drug effects were elevated significantly for OB and 36 mg/ml ECIG conditions with one exception noted for the tobacco/menthol 0 mg/ml condition. OB had the highest acceptability ratings, and ECIG condition results varied by acceptability item.
CONCLUSIONS
Among young adult smokers, ECIG conditions containing nicotine were positively associated with several subjective measures of abuse liability but not all. Flavors did not consistently mask/enhance effects observed. Results reinforce continued examination of ECIG-delivered nicotine and liquid flavors in relationship to abuse liability.
背景
快速变化的烟草市场凸显了 FDA 监管烟草的权力的及时性，特别是调味剂在含有尼古丁的电子烟 (ECIG) 液体中对公共健康的影响。本研究旨在评估 ECIG 液体口味和尼古丁浓度对年轻成年香烟 (cig) 吸烟者滥用倾向的主观衡量标准的影响程度。
方法
年轻成年 (18-21 岁) 吸烟者 (M=10.1 支/天，无定期 ECIG 使用史) 在 12 小时尼古丁/烟草禁欲前完成了 7 个拉丁方顺序条件。条件为自己的品牌 cig (OB) 和 eGo 风格的 ECIG 与三种液体口味 (奶油、热带水果、烟草/薄荷) 配对，尼古丁浓度不同 (0 或 36mg/ml)。在每个条件下，产品以两个 10 口的剂量进行管理。心率/血压 (HR/BP) 和烟草/尼古丁禁欲症状、尼古丁/一般药物效应以及可接受性测量在整个会话中反复进行评估。混合线性模型采用 Tukey 的 HSD t 检验进行随访。
结果
HR/BP 表明在含有尼古丁的条件下存在尼古丁暴露。OB 和 36mg/ml 尼古丁的 ECIG 条件显著降低了 cig 吸烟冲动的评分。OB 和 36mg/ml ECIG 条件下的尼古丁/药物效应显著升高，但烟草/薄荷 0mg/ml 条件下有一个例外。OB 的可接受性评分最高，ECIG 条件的结果因可接受性项目而异。
结论
在年轻成年吸烟者中，含有尼古丁的 ECIG 条件与几种滥用倾向的主观衡量标准呈正相关，但并非全部。口味并没有始终如一地掩盖/增强观察到的效果。结果强化了对 ECIG 输送的尼古丁和液体口味与滥用倾向之间关系的持续研究。
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