Tönz O, Schubiger G
Pädiatrische Klinik, Kinderspital Luzern.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1988 Nov 26;118(47):1747-52.
On the basis of an inquiry held in Switzerland in May 1988, over 99% of all newborn receive vitamin K prophylaxis, 59% orally and 41% intramuscularly. In the previous 2 1/2 years, ten cases of bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency had been observed, of which two were inadequately documented. In two children there was early haemorrhage and late haemorrhage in eight. The latter were all exclusively breast-fed and had received oral vitamin K prophylaxis. Seven presented with vitamin K deficiency due to cholestasis or chronic diarrhea. The only "idiopathic" case is insufficiently documented. The advantages and disadvantages of oral and intramuscular prophylaxis are discussed. A definite stand in favour of the one route or the other is not possible at present. However, the continuation of general prophylaxis is undoubtedly necessary.
根据1988年5月在瑞士进行的一项调查，超过99%的新生儿接受了维生素K预防，59%口服，41%肌肉注射。在之前的两年半时间里，共观察到10例维生素K缺乏导致的出血病例，其中2例记录不充分。2例为早期出血，8例为晚期出血。后者均为纯母乳喂养且接受了口服维生素K预防。7例因胆汁淤积或慢性腹泻出现维生素K缺乏。唯一的“特发性”病例记录不充分。讨论了口服和肌肉注射预防的优缺点。目前无法明确支持其中一种途径。然而，继续进行普遍预防无疑是必要的。
