Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(22):2630-2641. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200211121916.
In animals, the gastrointestinal microbiota are reported to play a major role in digestion, nutrient absorption and the release of energy through metabolism of food. Therefore, microbiota may be a factor for association between diet and enteric diseases and oxidative stress. The gut microbial composition and concentration are affected by diet throughout the life of an animal, and respond rapidly and efficiently to dietary alterations, in particular to the use of prebiotics. Prebiotics, which play an important role in mammalian nutrition, are defined as dietary ingredients that lead to specific changes in both the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota through suppressing the proliferation of pathogens and by modifying the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the host intestine. A review of the evidence suggests possible beneficial effects of prebiotics on host intestinal health, including immune stimulation, gut barrier enhancement and the alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota, and these effects appear to be dependent on alteration of the bacterial composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The production of SCFAs depends on the microbes available in the gut and the type of prebiotics available. The SCFAs most abundantly generated by gastrointestinal microbiota are acetate, butyrate and propionate, which are reported to have physiological effects on the health of the host. Nowadays, prebiotics are widely used in a range of food products to improve the intestinal microbiome and stimulate significant changes to the immune system. Thus, a diet with prebiotic supplements may help prevent enteric disease and oxidative stress by promoting a microbiome associated with better growth performance. This paper provides an overview of the hypothesis that a combination of ingestible prebiotics, chitosan, fructooligosaccharides and inulin will help relieve the dysbiosis of the gut and the oxidative stress of the host.
在动物中，胃肠道微生物群被报道在消化、营养吸收和通过代谢食物释放能量方面发挥着重要作用。因此，微生物群可能是饮食与肠道疾病和氧化应激之间关联的一个因素。肠道微生物组成和浓度会受到动物一生中饮食的影响，并能迅速有效地对饮食变化做出反应，尤其是对使用益生元的反应。益生元在哺乳动物营养中起着重要作用，被定义为通过抑制病原体的增殖和改变宿主肠道中有益微生物的生长，从而导致胃肠道微生物群的组成和活性发生特定变化的饮食成分。对证据的综述表明，益生元对宿主肠道健康可能具有有益的影响，包括免疫刺激、肠道屏障增强和胃肠道微生物群的改变，这些影响似乎依赖于细菌组成和短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 产生的改变。SCFA 的产生取决于肠道中可用的微生物和可用的益生元类型。胃肠道微生物群产生的最丰富的 SCFAs 是乙酸盐、丁酸盐和丙酸盐，据报道它们对宿主健康具有生理影响。如今，益生元被广泛应用于各种食品中，以改善肠道微生物组并刺激免疫系统发生重大变化。因此，通过添加益生元的饮食可能有助于预防肠道疾病和氧化应激，因为它可以促进与更好的生长性能相关的微生物组。本文概述了一个假设，即摄入可食用的益生元、壳聚糖、低聚果糖和菊粉的组合将有助于缓解肠道菌群失调和宿主的氧化应激。
