Endale Hiwot Tezera, Tesfaye Winta, Hassen Fethiya Seid, Asrat Wastina Bitewlign, Temesgen Elizabeth Yihune, Shibabaw Yadelew Yimer, Asefa Tseganesh
Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
SAGE Open Med. 2024 Aug 31;12:20503121241274724. doi: 10.1177/20503121241274724. eCollection 2024.
Diet plays a critical role in shaping the gut microbiome, which in turn regulates molecular activities in the colonic mucosa. The state and composition of the gut microbiome are key factors in the development of colorectal cancer. An altered gut microbiome, linked to weakened immune responses and the production of carcinogenic substances, is a significant contributor to colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Dietary changes that involve low-fiber and phytomolecule intake, coupled with higher consumption of red meat, can raise the risk of colorectal cancer. Salutary filaments, which reach the colon undigested, are metabolized by the gut microbiome, producing short-chain fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acids possess beneficial anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties that promote colon health. A well-balanced microbiome, supported by beneficial fibers and phytochemicals, can regulate the activation of proto-oncogenes and oncogenic pathways, thereby reducing cell proliferation. Recent research suggests that an overabundance of specific microbes, such as , may contribute to adverse changes in the colonic mucosa. Positive lifestyle adjustments have been demonstrated to effectively inhibit the growth of harmful opportunistic organisms. Synbiotics, which combine probiotics and prebiotics, can protect the intestinal mucosa by enhancing immune responses and decreasing the production of harmful metabolites, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation. This narrative review provides a concise understanding of evolving evidence regarding how diet influences the gut microbiome, leading to the restoration of the colonic epithelium. It underscores the importance of a healthy, plant-based diet and associated supplements in preventing colorectal cancer by enhancing gut microbiome health.
饮食在塑造肠道微生物群方面起着关键作用，而肠道微生物群又反过来调节结肠黏膜中的分子活动。肠道微生物群的状态和组成是结直肠癌发生发展的关键因素。肠道微生物群的改变与免疫反应减弱和致癌物质的产生有关，是结直肠癌发病机制的重要促成因素。涉及低纤维和植物分子摄入以及红肉消费增加的饮食变化会增加患结直肠癌的风险。未被消化而到达结肠的有益纤维被肠道微生物群代谢，产生短链脂肪酸。短链脂肪酸具有有益的抗炎和抗增殖特性，可促进结肠健康。由有益纤维和植物化学物质支持的平衡良好的微生物群可以调节原癌基因和致癌途径的激活，从而减少细胞增殖。最近的研究表明，特定微生物（如 ）的过度存在可能导致结肠黏膜的不良变化。积极的生活方式调整已被证明能有效抑制有害机会性生物体的生长。合生元结合了益生菌和益生元，可以通过增强免疫反应、减少有害代谢产物的产生、氧化应激和细胞增殖来保护肠道黏膜。这篇叙述性综述简要介绍了关于饮食如何影响肠道微生物群从而导致结肠上皮修复的不断演变的证据。它强调了健康的植物性饮食及相关补充剂在通过促进肠道微生物群健康来预防结直肠癌方面的重要性。
