Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 201, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Jun;23(8):1350-1361. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019003707. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
To compare dietary intake and physical activity (PA) between days of the week in a large sample of the Danish population; furthermore, to investigate the influence of gender and age as determinants for weekly variation.
Analysis was based on cross-sectional data from the Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity 2011-2013. Dietary intake and PA were assessed by 7 d of pre-coded food diaries and pedometer-determined step counts. Dietary intake and PA on weekdays (Monday-Thursday), Friday, and weekend days (Saturday and Sunday) were compared using linear mixed models.
Survey with national representation, conducted in Denmark between 2011 and 2013.
A random sample of 4-75-year-old Danes, n 3934 and n 3530 in analysis of dietary intake and PA, respectively.
Energy intake during Friday and weekend days was 7-20 % higher compared with weekdays, while step counts were 10 and 17 % lower on Saturday and Sunday, respectively (all P < 0·001). Energy density of liquids and solids, consumption of added sugar, alcohol, discretionary foods, beer, wine and sugar-sweetened beverages were substantially higher, and consumption of dietary fibre, vegetables, fruit and wholegrain products were lower, during Friday and weekend days compared with weekdays (all P < 0·001). The observed patterns were present across gender and age, although weekly variation was most pronounced among children and relatively modest among the elderly.
Weekend health behaviours of Danes display less favourable eating and PA behaviour compared with weekdays, making the weekend an important target for public health interventions aiming to improve dietary intake and PA behaviour.
比较丹麦大样本人群中工作日和周末的饮食摄入和身体活动（PA）差异；并进一步探讨性别和年龄对每周变化的影响。
本研究基于 2011-2013 年丹麦全国饮食和身体活动调查的横断面数据进行分析。饮食摄入和 PA 通过 7 天的预编码食物日记和计步器确定的步数来评估。使用线性混合模型比较工作日（周一至周四）、周五和周末（周六和周日）的饮食摄入和 PA。
2011 年至 2013 年在丹麦进行的具有全国代表性的调查。
分别对 3934 名和 3530 名 4-75 岁丹麦人进行饮食摄入和 PA 分析。
与工作日相比，周五和周末的能量摄入分别高出 7-20%，而周六和周日的步数分别低 10%和 17%（均 P < 0·001）。液体和固体的能量密度、添加糖、酒精、随意性食物、啤酒、葡萄酒和含糖饮料的摄入量在周五和周末明显更高，而膳食纤维、蔬菜、水果和全谷物制品的摄入量在周五和周末则明显更低（均 P < 0·001）。这些模式在性别和年龄之间均存在，尽管儿童的每周变化最为显著，而老年人的变化相对较小。
与工作日相比，丹麦人周末的健康行为表现出较差的饮食和 PA 行为，这使得周末成为改善饮食摄入和 PA 行为的公共卫生干预的重要目标。
