Jahns Lisa, Conrad Zach, Johnson LuAnn K, Scheett Angela J, Stote Kim S, Raatz Susan K
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017 Jul;117(7):1080-1086.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.01.012. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
Differences in energy and macronutrient intakes by weekday and weekend have been reported, but there are few data on differences in food group consumption and indices of diet quality.
The aim of this study was to describe dietary intake by day and on weekends compared with weekdays.
This study utilized a longitudinal cohort design with self-reported dietary intake collected using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Participants were ambulatory women with access to high-speed internet, body mass index between 18 and 35, and aged 40 to 60 years from the Life in All Seasons study (n=52) conducted in Grand Forks, ND, between July 2012 and July 2014. Each woman completed an Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool diet recall every 10 days for 1 year.
Primary outcome measures were total and energy intake from macronutrients, food groups (per 1,000 kcal), and Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores from 1,866 24-hour recalls.
Effects of weekend on energy and macronutrient intake, energy-adjusted food groups, and HEI-2010 scores and component scores were tested using mixed linear models.
Participants (n=52) completed 1,080 recalls on weekdays and 786 on weekends. Seventy-five percent of women reported consuming more energy on weekends than on weekdays, with a higher mean intake of 158 kcal on weekends (P<0.01). The percentage of energy from carbohydrate (P<0.01) and protein (P<0.01) were both lower on weekends, and percentage of energy from alcohol higher (P<0.01). There was no difference in the percentage of energy from fat (P=0.07). Reported energy intake was greatest on Saturdays and lowest on Tuesdays. On weekends, women had reduced diet quality with more alcoholic beverages, solid fat, and potatoes, and less yogurt, whole fruits, dark green and orange vegetables, poultry, nuts and seeds, and whole grains per 1,000 kcal than on weekdays. HEI-2010 scores were lower on weekends than weekdays (P<0.01). Component scores were lower for whole fruits (P<0.01), greens and beans (P=0.02), whole grains (P<0.01), and dairy (P<0.01).
Midlife women should be encouraged to maintain diet quality during weekends to improve overall diet quality scores.
已有报道称工作日和周末的能量及常量营养素摄入量存在差异，但关于食物组消费差异和饮食质量指数的数据较少。
本研究的目的是描述与工作日相比，日间及周末的饮食摄入量。
本研究采用纵向队列设计，使用自动自填式24小时饮食评估工具收集自我报告的饮食摄入量。
参与者/研究地点：参与者为来自北达科他州大福克斯市2012年7月至2014年7月进行的“四季生活”研究中的能使用高速互联网、体重指数在18至35之间、年龄在40至60岁的非卧床女性（n = 52）。每位女性在1年的时间里每10天完成一次自动自填式24小时饮食评估工具的饮食回顾。
主要结局指标为来自常量营养素、食物组（每1000千卡）的总能量和能量摄入量，以及来自1866次24小时饮食回顾的2010年健康饮食指数（HEI - 2010）得分。
使用混合线性模型测试周末对能量和常量营养素摄入量、能量调整后的食物组以及HEI - 2010得分和各成分得分的影响（此处原文有误，应是“周末对能量和常量营养素摄入量、能量调整后的食物组以及HEI - 2010得分和各成分得分的影响”）。
参与者（n = 52）在工作日完成了1080次饮食回顾，在周末完成了786次。75%的女性报告称周末摄入的能量比工作日多，周末平均摄入量高158千卡（P < 0.01）。周末来自碳水化合物（P < 0.01）和蛋白质（P < 0.01）的能量百分比均较低，而来自酒精的能量百分比较高（P < 0.01）。来自脂肪的能量百分比无差异（P = 0.07）。报告的能量摄入量在周六最高，在周二最低。在周末，与工作日相比，女性每摄入1000千卡能量时，饮食质量下降，饮用更多酒精饮料、食用更多固体脂肪和土豆，而食用更少的酸奶、完整水果、深绿色和橙色蔬菜、家禽、坚果和种子以及全谷物。周末的HEI - 2010得分低于工作日（P < 0.01）。完整水果（P < 0.01）、绿叶蔬菜和豆类（P = 0.02）、全谷物（P < 0.01）和乳制品（P < 0.01）的成分得分较低。
应鼓励中年女性在周末保持饮食质量，以提高整体饮食质量得分。
