Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 May;112:420-436. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.016. Epub 2020 Feb 15.
Omega-3 fatty acids are vital for brain development. The aim of this meta-analysis was to broaden current knowledge of the effects of omega-3 supplementation on cognitive test performance in youths. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting selection criteria were identified through two independent literature searches on PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO (last search June 2019). Twenty-nine out of 1126 studies assessing 4247 participants met all selection criteria. A meta-analysis using random-effects model was performed for eight different cognitive domains. This first analysis revealed no main effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on domain-specific cognitive test performance in youths. Subgroup analyses identified beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich but not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich formulations in the domains of long-term memory, working memory and problem solving and a tendency towards beneficial effects in clinical rather than non-clinical populations. Future research should investigate differential effects of EPA and DHA and consider their baseline levels, other nutritional components and interactions with gene variations as potential predictors of response.
ω-3 脂肪酸对大脑发育至关重要。本荟萃分析旨在拓宽目前对ω-3 补充剂对青少年认知测试表现影响的认识。通过对 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、PsycARTICLES 和 PsycINFO 上的两项独立文献搜索，确定了符合选择标准的随机对照试验（RCT）（最后一次搜索是在 2019 年 6 月）。在评估了 4247 名参与者的 1126 项研究中，有 29 项符合所有选择标准。对 8 个不同的认知领域进行了使用随机效应模型的荟萃分析。首次分析表明，ω-3 脂肪酸补充剂对青少年特定认知测试表现没有主要影响。亚组分析表明，富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）而不是二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的配方在长期记忆、工作记忆和解决问题方面具有有益效果，并且在临床人群而非非临床人群中具有有益效果的趋势。未来的研究应调查 EPA 和 DHA 的差异影响，并考虑其基线水平、其他营养成分以及与基因变异的相互作用，作为反应的潜在预测因素。
