Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia.
Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Clin J Sport Med. 2021 Sep 1;31(5):401-406. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000798.
To compare cardiovascular screening policies of Australian elite sporting organizations.
Online survey.
Elite/professional sports in Australia.
Chief medical officers (CMOs) of elite/professional sports in Australia, including rugby union and league, cricket, tennis, Australian football, and cycling.
Survey questions about each sport's cardiac screening policy: which screening components were included [eg, history and physical (H&P), resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)], whether screening was mandatory, whether the policy applied to elite junior and/or adult players, and which criteria were used to interpret ECGs.
Which sports had a formal cardiac screening policy, which athletes the policy applied to, components of screening, ECG interpretation criteria used.
Chief medical officers for 22/31 (71%) sports responded, representing >5000 athletes. Of these, 19/22 (86%) perform regular screening (100% H&P; 89% included ECG) with international cyclists also having routine echocardiograms and stress testing. Thirty-three percent of CMOs used the 2017 International Criteria for athlete ECG interpretation. Screening was mandatory with enforcement (26%), mandatory without enforcement (48%), and opt-out (26%). All screened adult elite athletes, and 68% screened junior elite athletes. Forty-two percent indicated athletes were required to pay for screening tests, and 63% required athletes to pay for follow-up tests. Almost all (94%) sports with a sports physician as the CMO screened athletes.
Most sports have a screening policy, with reasonable uniformity of components. All included H&P, and almost all included ECG. Only one sport included an echocardiogram and stress test as a standard (international players only). Promoting the latest ECG interpretation criteria may reduce false-positives and cost. Future work should explore cardiac emergency plans, screening infrastructure, cost, and long-term follow-up.
比较澳大利亚精英体育组织的心血管筛查政策。
在线调查。
澳大利亚精英/职业体育。
澳大利亚精英/职业体育的首席医疗官（CMO），包括橄榄球联盟和联盟、板球、网球、澳式足球和自行车。
关于每个运动的心脏筛查政策的调查问题：包括哪些筛查组成部分[例如，病史和体检（H&P），静息 12 导联心电图（ECG）]，筛查是否强制，政策是否适用于精英青少年和/或成年运动员，以及使用哪些标准来解释 ECG。
哪些运动有正式的心脏筛查政策，政策适用于哪些运动员，筛查组成部分，使用的 ECG 解释标准。
31 个运动中的 22 个（71%）的首席医疗官做出了回应，代表了超过 5000 名运动员。其中，19/22（86%）进行定期筛查（100%H&P；89%包括 ECG），国际自行车运动员还常规进行超声心动图和应激测试。33%的 CMO 使用 2017 年国际运动员心电图解释标准。筛查是强制性的（26%），强制性但不执行（48%），和选择退出（26%）。所有接受筛查的成年精英运动员，68%的青少年精英运动员也接受筛查。42%的人表示运动员需要支付筛查测试费用，63%的人要求运动员支付后续测试费用。几乎所有（94%）有运动医生担任首席医疗官的运动都对运动员进行筛查。
大多数运动都有筛查政策，组成部分相当统一。都包括 H&P，几乎都包括 ECG。只有一项运动将超声心动图和应激测试作为标准（仅限国际运动员）。推广最新的 ECG 解释标准可能会减少假阳性和成本。未来的工作应该探索心脏急救计划、筛查基础设施、成本和长期随访。
