Sapin M R, Kakharov Z A
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1988 Jul;95(7):41-7.
Basing on macro- microscopical investigation of the urinary bladder in 94 persons, died at the period of birth up to old years and by the time of death having not any disease of the urinary apparatus, structure and topography of the lymphoid nodules, their amount, density of distribution in the mucous membrane of various parts of the organ have been studied. The germinative centers in the lymphoid nodules of the urinary bladder are not revealed. The external appearance of the nodules is not the same; some have clear contours others have no clearly manifested borders. We call them prenodules. The lymphoid nodules are situated near to each other without any definite order. And only near the ureteral openings they are always revealed in a small amount, in the area of the triangle; they are oriented, as a rule, from the ureteral openings towards the exit from the urinary bladder. The amount of the lymphoid nodules in the organ's wall varies (at an average) from 18, in newborns, up to 415, in adolescents, and up to 129, in old persons. Distribution density of the lymphoid nodules in the fundal area of the urinary bladder is somewhat greater, than in its superior parts. The size of the lymphoid nodules during all age periods is not more than 900 mcm.
基于对94例出生至老年期死亡且生前无泌尿系统疾病者的膀胱进行的宏观和微观研究，对膀胱淋巴小结的结构、 topography、数量及其在器官各部位黏膜中的分布密度进行了研究。膀胱淋巴小结中未发现生发中心。小结的外观不尽相同；有些轮廓清晰，有些则无明显边界。我们称它们为前小结。淋巴小结彼此相邻，排列无序。仅在输尿管开口附近的三角区内，总能发现少量小结；通常它们从输尿管开口朝向膀胱出口方向排列。器官壁内淋巴小结的数量（平均）从新生儿的18个到青少年的415个，再到老年人的129个不等。膀胱底部区域淋巴小结的分布密度略高于其上部区域。在所有年龄段，淋巴小结的大小均不超过900微米。
