School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK.
School of Medicine (Public Health), Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
Nutrients. 2020 Feb 14;12(2):482. doi: 10.3390/nu12020482.
Low-carbohydrate (LC) diets are an effective method for treating obesity and reducing cardiometabolic risk. However, exposure to LC diets is associated with reductions in muscle mass and increased osteoporosis risk in obese individuals. The combination of exercise with a LC diet appears to attenuate muscle mass loss induced by LC diets alone, and to further improve cardiometabolic profile. However, evidence to date in obese individuals is limited. We assessed the effect of LC diet in combination with supervised exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese individuals. Male and female participants in the experimental (EX-LC; structured supervised exercise program + low-carbohydrate meals; n = 33; 35.3 years) and control (EX-CO; structured supervised exercise program + standard dietary advice; n = 31; 34.2 years) conditions underwent measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness (Opeak), body fat, lean muscle mass (LMM), and cardiometabolic biomarkers before and after an 8 week intervention. : Participants in the EX-LC condition demonstrated greater improvements in Opeak ( = 0.002) and fat mass index (FMI, = 0.001) compared to the EX-CO condition. Achieving a ketogenic state (β-hydroxybutyrate, βHB ≥0.3 mmol/L) was associated with greater reductions in total body fat ( = 0.011), visceral adipose tissue ( = 0.025), FMI ( = 0.002) and C-reactive protein (CRP, = 0.041) but also with greater reductions in LMM ( = 0.042). : Short-term LC diet combined with prescribed exercise enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness and the cardiometabolic profile of obese individuals but was also associated with greater muscle mass loss compared to similar exercise training and standard dietary advice. The long-term effects of the LC diet should be further explored in future studies.
低碳水化合物（LC）饮食是治疗肥胖和降低心血管代谢风险的有效方法。然而，暴露于 LC 饮食会导致肥胖个体的肌肉质量减少和骨质疏松风险增加。运动与 LC 饮食相结合似乎可以减轻 LC 饮食单独引起的肌肉质量损失，并进一步改善心血管代谢状况。然而，目前肥胖人群的证据有限。我们评估了 LC 饮食与监督运动相结合对肥胖个体心肺功能、身体成分和心血管代谢危险因素的影响。
实验组（EX-LC；结构化监督运动计划+低碳水化合物餐；n=33；35.3 岁）和对照组（EX-CO；结构化监督运动计划+标准饮食建议；n=31；34.2 岁）的男性和女性参与者在 8 周干预前后接受了心肺功能（Opeak）、体脂肪、瘦肌肉量（LMM）和心血管代谢生物标志物的测量。结果显示，与 EX-CO 组相比，EX-LC 组的 Opeak（ = 0.002）和脂肪质量指数（FMI， = 0.001）改善更大。达到生酮状态（β-羟基丁酸，βHB≥0.3mmol/L）与总体脂肪（ = 0.011）、内脏脂肪组织（ = 0.025）、FMI（ = 0.002）和 C 反应蛋白（CRP， = 0.041）的更大减少有关，但也与 LMM（ = 0.042）的更大减少有关。
短期 LC 饮食结合规定的运动增强了肥胖个体的心肺功能和心血管代谢状况，但与类似的运动训练和标准饮食建议相比，也与更大的肌肉质量损失有关。LC 饮食的长期影响应在未来的研究中进一步探讨。
