Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Feb 14;20(4):1039. doi: 10.3390/s20041039.
Nowadays, several neurological disorders and neurocrine tumours are associated with dopamine (DA) concentrations in various biological fluids. Highly accurate and ultrasensitive detection of DA levels in different biological samples in real-time can change and improve the quality of a patient's life in addition to reducing the treatment cost. Therefore, the design and development of diagnostic tool for in vivo and in vitro monitoring of DA is of considerable clinical and pharmacological importance. In recent decades, a large number of techniques have been established for DA detection, including chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, spectroscopic approaches, and electrochemical (EC) methods. These methods are effective, but most of them still have some drawbacks such as consuming time, effort, and money. Added to that, sometimes they need complex procedures to obtain good sensitivity and suffer from low selectivity due to interference from other biological species such as uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Advanced materials can offer remarkable opportunities to overcome drawbacks in conventional DA sensors. This review aims to explain challenges related to DA detection using different techniques, and to summarize and highlight recent advancements in materials used and approaches applied for several sensor surface modification for the monitoring of DA. Also, it focuses on the analytical features of the EC and optical-based sensing techniques available.
如今，几种神经紊乱和神经内分泌肿瘤与各种生物流体中的多巴胺（DA）浓度有关。在实时情况下，高度准确和超灵敏地检测不同生物样本中的 DA 水平，除了降低治疗成本外，还可以改变和提高患者的生活质量。因此，设计和开发用于体内和体外监测 DA 的诊断工具具有相当大的临床和药理学意义。近几十年来，已经建立了大量用于 DA 检测的技术，包括与质谱法相结合的色谱法、光谱方法和电化学（EC）方法。这些方法是有效的，但大多数方法仍存在一些缺点，例如耗时、费力和昂贵。此外，有时它们需要复杂的程序才能获得良好的灵敏度，并且由于其他生物物质（如尿酸（UA）和抗坏血酸（AA））的干扰而选择性较低。先进的材料可以为克服传统 DA 传感器的缺点提供显著的机会。本综述旨在解释使用不同技术进行 DA 检测的挑战，并总结和强调用于几种传感器表面修饰的材料的最新进展，用于 DA 的监测。此外，它还侧重于现有的基于 EC 和光学的传感技术的分析特点。
