Ramajayam Kalaipriya, Ganesan Selvaganapathy, Ramesh Purnimajayasree, Beena Maya, Kokulnathan Thangavelu, Palaniappan Arunkumar
Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2023 Jun 8;8(2):245. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics8020245.
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), a biomimetic artificial receptor system inspired by the human body's antibody-antigen reactions, have gained significant attraction in the area of sensor development applications, especially in the areas of medical, pharmaceutical, food quality control, and the environment. MIPs are found to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of typical optical and electrochemical sensors severalfold with their precise binding to the analytes of choice. In this review, different polymerization chemistries, strategies used in the synthesis of MIPs, and various factors influencing the imprinting parameters to achieve high-performing MIPs are explained in depth. This review also highlights the recent developments in the field, such as MIP-based nanocomposites through nanoscale imprinting, MIP-based thin layers through surface imprinting, and other latest advancements in the sensor field. Furthermore, the role of MIPs in enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of sensors, especially optical and electrochemical sensors, is elaborated. In the later part of the review, applications of MIP-based optical and electrochemical sensors for the detection of biomarkers, enzymes, bacteria, viruses, and various emerging micropollutants like pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, and heavy metal ions are discussed in detail. Finally, MIP's role in bioimaging applications is elucidated with a critical assessment of the future research directions for MIP-based biomimetic systems.
分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）是一种受人体抗体 - 抗原反应启发的仿生人工受体系统，在传感器开发应用领域，特别是在医学、制药、食品质量控制和环境领域，受到了广泛关注。研究发现，MIPs通过与目标分析物的精确结合，能将典型光学和电化学传感器的灵敏度和特异性提高数倍。在这篇综述中，将深入解释不同的聚合化学方法、MIPs合成中使用的策略以及影响印迹参数以获得高性能MIPs的各种因素。本综述还重点介绍了该领域的最新进展，如通过纳米级印迹制备的基于MIP的纳米复合材料、通过表面印迹制备的基于MIP的薄层以及传感器领域的其他最新进展。此外，还阐述了MIPs在提高传感器，特别是光学和电化学传感器的灵敏度和特异性方面的作用。在综述的后半部分，将详细讨论基于MIP的光学和电化学传感器在检测生物标志物、酶、细菌、病毒以及各种新兴微污染物（如药物、农药和重金属离子）方面的应用。最后，通过对基于MIP的仿生系统未来研究方向的批判性评估，阐明了MIPs在生物成像应用中的作用。
