Bugert J J, Hucke F, Zanetta P, Bassetto M, Brancale A
Bundeswehr Institute for Microbiology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
Virus Genes. 2020 Apr;56(2):150-167. doi: 10.1007/s11262-020-01737-5. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
The viruses historically implicated or currently considered as candidates for misuse in bioterrorist events are poxviruses, filoviruses, bunyaviruses, orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses and a number of arboviruses causing encephalitis, including alpha- and flaviviruses. All these viruses are of concern for public health services when they occur in natural outbreaks or emerge in unvaccinated populations. Recent events and intelligence reports point to a growing risk of dangerous biological agents being used for nefarious purposes. Public health responses effective in natural outbreaks of infectious disease may not be sufficient to deal with the severe consequences of a deliberate release of such agents. One important aspect of countermeasures against viral biothreat agents are the antiviral treatment options available for use in post-exposure prophylaxis. These issues were adressed by the organizers of the 16th Medical Biodefense Conference, held in Munich in 2018, in a special session on the development of drugs to treat infections with viruses currently perceived as a threat to societies or associated with a potential for misuse as biothreat agents. This review will outline the state-of-the-art methods in antivirals research discussed and provide an overview of antiviral compounds in the pipeline that are already approved for use or still under development.
历史上被认为或目前被视为可能被用于生物恐怖主义事件的病毒包括痘病毒、丝状病毒、布尼亚病毒、正粘病毒、副粘病毒以及一些引起脑炎的虫媒病毒，包括甲型病毒和黄病毒。当这些病毒在自然疫情中出现或在未接种疫苗的人群中出现时，公共卫生服务部门都会对其予以关注。近期事件和情报报告表明，危险生物制剂被用于邪恶目的的风险日益增加。在传染病自然疫情中有效的公共卫生应对措施可能不足以应对故意释放此类制剂所带来的严重后果。针对病毒性生物威胁制剂的对策的一个重要方面是可用于暴露后预防的抗病毒治疗选择。2018年在慕尼黑举行的第16届医学生物防御会议的组织者在一次关于开发治疗目前被视为对社会构成威胁或可能被滥用作生物威胁制剂的病毒感染的药物的特别会议上讨论了这些问题。本综述将概述所讨论的抗病毒研究的最新方法，并概述正在研发或已获批准使用的抗病毒化合物。
