Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Division of Chronic Disease Prevention, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, 1101 Market St, 9th Flr, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Email:
Prev Chronic Dis. 2020 Feb 20;17:E15. doi: 10.5888/pcd17.190277.
Previous interventions to increase water access and consumption have focused on school settings, have shown mixed results on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, and have rarely addressed tap water safety. Our randomized controlled trial examined how improving access and appeal of water in recreation centers in low-income neighborhoods affected counts of SSBs carried by youth attending summer camp.
Recreation centers (N = 28) matched on their characteristics were randomly assigned to control or intervention groups. Intervention centers received a new water fountain with a bottle filler (hydration station), water testing services, reusable water bottles, and water promotion and education training and materials. Primary outcomes were 1-year changes in center-level average daily gallons of water from fountains and hydration stations (flowmeter readings). Secondary outcomes were counts of SSBs observed, use of bottled water and reusable water bottles, staff SSB consumption, and hydration station maintenance.
Results showed increased water use (b = 8.6, 95% CI, 4.2-13.0) and reusable bottle counts (b = 10.2, 95% CI, 4.2-16.1) in intervention centers compared with control centers. No change occurred in youth carrying SSBs at camp, but center staff's past 30-day SSB consumption frequency decreased (b = -34.8, 95% CI, -67.7 to -1.9). Intervention sites had marginally lower odds of maintenance problems (OR = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.004-0.76, P = .06) than control sites.
Although providing hydration stations along with water testing, reusable water bottles, education, and promotion increased water consumption among youth at recreation centers, it had no effect on the number of SSBs observed during camp. Future strategies to increase water consumption should also address reducing SSB intake.
以往增加水的获取和消费的干预措施主要集中在学校环境，对含糖饮料（SSB）消费的影响结果不一，且很少涉及自来水安全问题。我们的随机对照试验研究了改善低收入社区娱乐中心的水的获取和吸引力对参加夏令营的青少年携带 SSB 的数量的影响。
根据其特点，对娱乐中心（N = 28）进行匹配，然后随机分配到对照组或干预组。干预中心获得了带有瓶灌装置的新喷泉（补水站）、水质测试服务、可重复使用的水瓶以及水的推广和教育培训材料。主要结果是 1 年内来自喷泉和补水站（流量计读数）的中心级平均每日耗水量的变化。次要结果是观察到的 SSB 数量、瓶装水和可重复使用水瓶的使用、员工 SSB 消费以及补水站维护情况。
结果表明，与对照组相比，干预组的水使用量（b = 8.6，95%CI，4.2-13.0）和可重复使用水瓶数量（b = 10.2，95%CI，4.2-16.1）均有所增加。夏令营中青少年携带 SSB 的情况没有变化，但中心工作人员过去 30 天的 SSB 消费频率降低（b = -34.8，95%CI，-67.7 至-1.9）。与对照组相比，干预组的维护问题的可能性稍低（OR = 0.09；95%CI，0.004-0.76，P =.06）。
尽管提供补水站以及水质测试、可重复使用的水瓶、教育和推广措施增加了青少年在娱乐中心的水的消费，但对夏令营期间观察到的 SSB 数量没有影响。未来增加水消费的策略还应解决减少 SSB 摄入的问题。
