Ma Yu, Hong Jin, Ding Ya
Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2020 Mar;9(6):e1901448. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201901448. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
One of the difficulties in the translation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into clinical practice is the formation of the protein corona (PC) that causes the discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo performance of GNPs. The PC formed on the surface of GNPs gives them a biological identity instead of an initial synthetic one. In most instances, this biological identity increases the particle size, leads to more clearance by the reticuloendothelial system, and causes less uptake by target cells. However, the performance of GNPs can still be improved by rewriting their original surface chemistry via the PC. This review specifically focuses on discussing the main influence factors, including the biological environment and physicochemical properties of GNPs, which affect the production and status of the PC. The status of the PC such as the amount, thickness, and composition subsequently influence the biological behavior of GNPs, especially their cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, biodistribution, and tumor targeting. Further understanding and revealing the impacts of the PC on the biological behavior of GNPs can be a promising and important strategy to regulate and improve the performance of GNP-based biosystems in the future.
将金纳米颗粒（GNPs）转化为临床应用的困难之一在于蛋白质冠层（PC）的形成，这导致了GNPs在体外和体内性能之间的差异。在GNPs表面形成的PC赋予了它们生物学特性，而非最初的合成特性。在大多数情况下，这种生物学特性会增加颗粒大小，导致更多地被网状内皮系统清除，并使靶细胞摄取减少。然而，通过PC重写其原始表面化学性质，GNPs的性能仍可得到改善。本综述特别着重讨论主要影响因素，包括GNPs的生物学环境和物理化学性质，这些因素会影响PC的产生和状态。PC的状态，如数量、厚度和组成，随后会影响GNPs的生物学行为，尤其是它们的细胞摄取、细胞毒性、生物分布和肿瘤靶向性。进一步理解和揭示PC对GNPs生物学行为的影响，可能是未来调控和改善基于GNP的生物系统性能的一种有前景且重要的策略。
