Laboratory of Chronophysiology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), CABA, Argentina.
Laboratory of Chronophysiology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), CABA, Argentina; Laboratory of Chronobiology, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Bernal, Argentina.
Sleep Health. 2020 Jun;6(3):374-386. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.12.011. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
The objective of the study was to describe working and sleep conditions and to assess how sleep opportunities are associated with obtained sleep and alertness, in a sample of long-haul bus drivers working with a two-up operations system.
Measures of subjective sleep and sleepiness, actigraphy, circadian temperature rhythm, and psychomotor vigilance tasks were obtained from a sample of 122 drivers from Argentina. Variables were compared between high and low fatigue risk groups, which were formed using a median split of a fatigue risk score. The score was calculated based on drivers' total working hours, maximum shift duration, minimum short break duration, maximum night work per seven days, and long break frequencies.
Considering a standardized one-day period, sleep in the bus accounted for 1.9±0.1 h of total sleep (57±1% efficiency), sleep at destination for 1.6±0.2 h of total sleep (90±1% efficiency), and sleep at home for 3.8±0.2 h of total sleep (89±1% nap efficiency and 90±1% anchor sleep efficiency). In drivers exposed to high-risk working schedules, the circadian temperature rhythm was weaker (lower % of variance explained by the model) (22.0±1.7% vs. 27.6±2.0%, p <0.05) and without a significant acrophase.
Drivers obtained a total amount of weekly sleep similar to the recommended levels for adults, but distributed at different locations and at different times during the day. High-risk working schedules were associated with disruption of circadian temperature rhythms. These results point out to the need of the implementation of shift-work scheduling strategies to minimize sleep misalignment and circadian desynchronization in long-haul bus drivers.
本研究旨在描述长途客车司机的工作和睡眠条件，并评估睡眠机会与获得的睡眠和警觉性之间的关系，该研究样本采用两班倒作业系统。
从阿根廷的 122 名驾驶员样本中获得主观睡眠和睡眠不足、活动记录仪、昼夜节律温度节律和精神运动警觉任务的测量值。使用疲劳风险评分的中位数分割将变量分为高和低疲劳风险组进行比较。该评分基于驾驶员的总工作时间、最长轮班持续时间、最短小休持续时间、每七天最大夜间工作时间和长休频率计算得出。
考虑到标准化的一天周期，在车内睡眠占总睡眠时间的 1.9±0.1 小时（效率 57±1%），在目的地睡眠占总睡眠时间的 1.6±0.2 小时（效率 90±1%），在家中睡眠占总睡眠时间的 3.8±0.2 小时（小睡效率 89±1%和锚定睡眠效率 90±1%）。在暴露于高风险工作时间表的驾驶员中，昼夜节律温度节律较弱（模型解释的方差百分比较低）（22.0±1.7%比 27.6±2.0%，p<0.05），并且没有明显的高峰值。
驾驶员获得的每周总睡眠时间与成年人的推荐水平相似，但分布在不同的地点和不同的时间。高风险工作时间表与昼夜节律温度节律紊乱有关。这些结果表明需要实施轮班工作安排策略，以最小化长途客车司机的睡眠错位和昼夜节律失同步。
