Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Environ Microbiol. 2019 Mar;21(3):972-983. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.14501. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
In recent decades, we have realized that honey bee viruses are not, in fact, exclusive to honey bees. The potential impact of Apis-affiliated viruses on native pollinators is prompting concern. Our research addresses the issue of virus crossover between honey bees and native bees foraging in the same localities. We measured the presence of black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV) and sacbrood virus (SBV) in managed Apis mellifera (honey bees) and native Andrena spp. (subgenus Melandrena) bee populations in five commercial orchards. We identified viral presence across sites and bees and related these data to measures of bee community diversity. All viruses were found in both managed and native bees, and BQCV was the most common virus in each. To establish evidence for viral crossover between taxa, we undertook an additional examination of BQCV where 74 samples were sequenced and placed in a global phylogenic framework of hundreds of BQCV strains. We demonstrate pathogen sharing across managed honey bees and distantly related wild bees. This phylogenetic analysis contributes to growing evidence for host switching and places local incidence patterns in a worldwide context, revealing multispecies viral transmission.
近几十年来，我们意识到，蜜蜂病毒实际上并非仅存在于蜜蜂中。与蜜蜂有亲缘关系的病毒可能会对本地传粉媒介造成影响，这引起了人们的关注。我们的研究旨在解决在同一地区觅食的蜜蜂和本地蜜蜂之间病毒交叉感染的问题。我们在五个商业果园的管理蜂群（蜜蜂）和本地 Andrena spp.（亚属 Melandrena）蜜蜂种群中测量了黑蜂王细胞病毒（BQCV）、变形翅膀病毒（DWV）和囊状幼虫病病毒（SBV）的存在情况。我们在不同地点和蜜蜂中发现了病毒的存在，并将这些数据与蜜蜂群落多样性的测量结果相关联。所有病毒都在管理蜂和本地蜜蜂中都有发现，而 BQCV 是每种蜜蜂中最常见的病毒。为了确定病毒在分类群之间交叉感染的证据，我们对 BQCV 进行了额外的检查，其中 74 个样本进行了测序，并将其置于数百个 BQCV 菌株的全球系统发育框架中。我们证明了病原体在管理良好的蜜蜂和亲缘关系较远的野生蜜蜂之间的共享。这项系统发育分析为宿主转换提供了更多的证据，并将本地发病模式置于全球背景下，揭示了多种物种的病毒传播。
