Kos Natasa, Gradisnik Lidija, Velnar Tomaz
Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.
AMEU-ECM Maribor, Slovenia.
Med Arch. 2019 Dec;73(6):421-424. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2019.73.421-424.
The degenerative processes of the intervertebral disc represent an important cause of morbidity in everyday clinical practice, exerting burden on patients and clinicians treating them. Numerous factors may initiate degenerative processes, which most commonly affect the nucleus pulposus and ultimately influence the biomechanics of the whole spine.
This paper provides an overview from the literature about the process, causes and mechanisms of disc degeneration and the associated factors.
The scientific literature was reviewed through PubMed, Medline and Science Direct. The articles were chosen in correlation with the study objective and their scientific relevance.
Many mechanical factors, such as mechanical, traumatic, genetic and nutritional, may affect the integrity of the intervertebral disc. The degenerative processes involve the structural damage of the intervertebral disc and the changes in number and composition of cells. The main factor in the degeneration of the intervertebral disc is the loss of proteoglycans. Degenerative changes of the disc are connected to damage of adjacent structures, leading to functional changes, higher susceptibility to injuries and clinical signs and symptoms.
Degenerative disease of the intervertebral disc remains a significant health problem. Besides standard conservative and surgical treatment, techniques of regenerative therapy are becoming very promising, although still in the experimental phase.
在日常临床实践中，椎间盘退变过程是导致发病的重要原因，给患者及治疗他们的临床医生带来负担。许多因素可能引发退变过程，这些因素最常影响髓核，并最终影响整个脊柱的生物力学。
本文对椎间盘退变的过程、原因、机制及相关因素进行文献综述。
通过PubMed、Medline和Science Direct对科学文献进行检索。根据研究目的及其科学相关性选择文章。
许多机械因素，如力学、创伤、遗传和营养因素，可能影响椎间盘的完整性。退变过程涉及椎间盘的结构损伤以及细胞数量和组成的变化。椎间盘退变的主要因素是蛋白聚糖的丢失。椎间盘的退变改变与相邻结构的损伤有关，导致功能改变、更容易受伤以及出现临床体征和症状。
椎间盘退变疾病仍然是一个重大的健康问题。除了标准的保守治疗和手术治疗外，再生治疗技术尽管仍处于实验阶段，但正变得非常有前景。
