Wamonje Francis O, Donnelly Ruairí, Tungadi Trisna D, Murphy Alex M, Pate Adrienne E, Woodcock Christine, Caulfield John, Mutuku J Musembi, Bruce Toby J A, Gilligan Christopher A, Pickett John A, Carr John P
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Jan 31;10:1811. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01811. eCollection 2019.
Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) cause serious epidemics in common bean (), a vital food security crop in many low-to-medium income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Aphids transmit these viruses "non-persistently," i.e., virions attach loosely to the insects' stylets. Viruses may manipulate aphid-host interactions to enhance transmission. We used direct observation and electrical penetration graph measurements to see if the three viruses induced similar or distinct changes in feeding behaviors of two aphid species, and . Both aphids vector BCMV, BCMNV, and CMV but is a legume specialist (the dominant species in bean fields) while is a generalist that feeds on and transmits viruses to diverse plant hosts. Aphids of both species commenced probing epidermal cells (behavior optimal for virus acquisition and inoculation) sooner on virus-infected plants than on mock-inoculated plants. Infection with CMV was especially disruptive of phloem feeding by the bean specialist aphid . also experienced mechanical stylet difficulty when feeding on virus-infected plants, and this was also exacerbated for . Overall, feeding on virus-infected host plants by specialist and generalist aphids was affected in different ways but all three viruses induced similar effects on each aphid type. Specifically, non-specialist () aphids encountered increased stylet difficulties on plants infected with BCMV, BCMNV, or CMV, whereas specialist aphids () showed decreased phloem ingestion on infected plants. Probing and stylet pathway activity (which facilitate virus transmission) were not decreased by any of the viruses for either of the aphid species, except in the case of on CMV-infected bean, where these activities were increased. Overall, these virus-induced changes in host-aphid interactions are likely to enhance non-persistent virus transmission, and data from this work will be useful in epidemiological modeling of non-persistent vectoring of viruses by aphids.
菜豆普通花叶病毒（BCMV）、菜豆普通花叶坏死病毒（BCMNV）和黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）在菜豆（ ）上引发严重疫情，菜豆是许多中低收入国家，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲地区重要的粮食安全作物。蚜虫以“非持久性”方式传播这些病毒，即病毒粒子松散地附着在昆虫的口针上。病毒可能会操纵蚜虫与宿主的相互作用以增强传播。我们通过直接观察和电穿透图测量来探究这三种病毒是否会在两种蚜虫物种（ 和 ）的取食行为中引发相似或不同的变化。两种蚜虫都能传播BCMV、BCMNV和CMV，但 是豆科作物专食性蚜虫（豆田中的优势物种），而 是多食性蚜虫，以多种植物宿主为食并将病毒传播给它们。两种蚜虫在感染病毒的植株上比在模拟接种的植株上更早开始探测表皮细胞（这是获取和接种病毒的最佳行为）。感染CMV对豆科作物专食性蚜虫 的韧皮部取食尤其具有干扰性。 在取食感染病毒的植株时也会遇到机械性口针困难，而 的这种情况更为严重。总体而言，专食性和多食性蚜虫取食感染病毒的宿主植物时受到的影响方式不同，但所有三种病毒对每种蚜虫类型都产生了相似的影响。具体来说，非专食性（ ）蚜虫在感染BCMV、BCMNV或CMV的植株上遇到的口针困难增加，而专食性蚜虫（ ）在感染植株上的韧皮部摄食量减少。除了 在感染CMV的菜豆上探测和口针路径活动增加外，任何一种病毒都不会使两种蚜虫的探测和口针路径活动（这有助于病毒传播）减少。总体而言，这些病毒诱导的宿主 - 蚜虫相互作用变化可能会增强非持久性病毒传播，这项工作的数据将有助于蚜虫非持久性传播病毒的流行病学建模。
