Department of Clinical Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
Comput Math Methods Med. 2019 Dec 30;2019:7507043. doi: 10.1155/2019/7507043. eCollection 2019.
Although the relative risk from a prospective cohort study is numerically approximate to the odds ratio from a case-control study for a low-probability event, a definite relationship between case-control and cohort studies cannot be confirmed. In this study, we established a different model to determine the relationship between case-control and cohort studies.
Two analysis models (the cross-sectional model and multiple pathogenic factor model) were established. Incidences in both the exposure group and the nonexposure group in a cohort study were compared with the frequency of the observed factor in each group (diseased and nondiseased) in a case-control study.
The relationship between the results of a case-control study and a cohort study is as follows: =()/()/()/(=()/()/()/( and represent the incidence in the exposed group and nonexposed group, respectively, from the cohort study, while and represent the observed frequencies in the disease group and the control group, respectively, for the case-control study; finally, )/(.
There is a definite relationship between the results of case-control and cohort studies assessing the same exposure. The outcomes of case-control studies can be translated into cohort study data.
虽然前瞻性队列研究的相对风险在数值上近似于病例对照研究的比值比，但对于低概率事件，不能确定病例对照研究和队列研究之间的关系。本研究建立了一种不同的模型来确定病例对照和队列研究之间的关系。
建立了两种分析模型（横断面模型和多致病因素模型）。将队列研究中暴露组和非暴露组的发生率与病例对照研究中每组（患病和未患病）观察到的因素的频率进行比较。
病例对照研究和队列研究结果之间的关系如下：=()/()/()/(=()/()/()/(和分别代表队列研究中暴露组和非暴露组的发病率，而和分别代表病例对照研究中疾病组和对照组的观察频率；最后，)/(.
评估相同暴露的病例对照研究和队列研究的结果之间存在明确的关系。病例对照研究的结果可以转化为队列研究数据。
