Yan Chengzhan, Zhao Huaping, Li Jun, Jin Huile, Liu Long, Wu Wanyi, Wang Jichang, Lei Yong, Wang Shun
Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
Institute of Physics and IMN MacroNano, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany.
Small. 2020 Mar;16(11):e1907141. doi: 10.1002/smll.201907141. Epub 2020 Feb 21.
The high theoretical capacity of red phosphorus (RP) makes it a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, the large volume change of RP during charging/discharging imposes an adverse effect on the cyclability and the rate performance suffers from its low conductivity. Herein, a facile solution-based strategy is exploited to incorporate phosphorus into the pores of zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-8) derived carbon hosts under a mild temperature. With this method, the blocky RP is etched into the form of polyphosphides anions (PP, mainly P ) so that it can easily diffuse into the pores of porous carbon hosts. Especially, the indelible crystalline surface phosphorus can be effectively avoided, which usually generates in the conventional vapor-condensation encapsulation method. Moreover, highly-conductive ZIF-8 derived carbon hosts with any pore smaller than 3 nm are efficient for loading PP and these pores can alleviate the volume change well. Finally, the composite of phosphorus encapsulated into ZIF-8 derived porous carbon exhibits a significantly improved electrochemical performance as lithium-ion battery anode with a high capacity of 786 mAh g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g , a good stability within 700 cycles at 1 A g , and an excellent rate performance.
红磷（RP）的高理论容量使其成为一种有前景的锂离子电池负极材料。然而，RP在充放电过程中的大体积变化对其循环性能产生不利影响，并且其低电导率导致倍率性能不佳。在此，我们采用一种简便的基于溶液的策略，在温和温度下将磷掺入沸石咪唑框架（ZIF-8）衍生的碳载体的孔中。通过这种方法，块状RP被蚀刻成聚磷化物阴离子（PP，主要是P ）的形式，使其能够轻松扩散到多孔碳载体的孔中。特别是，可以有效避免传统气相冷凝封装方法中通常会产生的不可磨灭的结晶表面磷。此外，任何孔径小于3 nm的高导电性ZIF-8衍生碳载体对负载PP都很有效，并且这些孔可以很好地缓解体积变化。最后，封装在ZIF-8衍生多孔碳中的磷复合材料作为锂离子电池负极表现出显著改善的电化学性能，在0.1 A g 下循环100次后具有786 mAh g 的高容量，在1 A g 下700次循环内具有良好的稳定性，以及优异的倍率性能。
