Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
University Medical Center Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
BMC Pediatr. 2020 Feb 21;20(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-1978-5.
The occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders steadily increases with the body mass index (BMI). Since the latter is not the best and earliest indicator of obesity and cardiovascular risk, the aim of the study was to evaluate some potential biological markers that would allow us to detect children and adolescents at higher risk at an early stage.
A sample of 330 children and adolescents were included in the study and divided into four groups: obese patients with hypertension, normal-weight patients with hypertension, patients with mildly elevated lipids and a control group of healthy children and adolescents. Some clinical parameters (age, body weight, body height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure), biochemical parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, apolipoprotein A1, homocysteine) and biological markers of obesity (ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin) were evaluated.
Ghrelin and adiponectin were found to have a strong negative statistically significant correlation with BMI in all three observed groups (p < 0.001), but not in the control group (p = 0.053 and p = 0.316, respectively). In addition, leptin had a strong positive statistically significant correlation with BMI in all four groups (p < 0.001 for the research groups, p = 0.009 for the controls). In the group of obese patients with hypertension, statistically significant differences in all three markers of obesity were found in comparison to the control group (p < 0.001 for all markers). In the group of patients with mildly elevated lipids, ghrelin and leptin were significantly different (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). In the group of normal-weight hypertensive patients, only values of ghrelin were different compared to the control group (p = 0.001).
In the research groups, significant differences were found in clinical, biochemical and biological parameters compared to the control group. The observed biological markers of obesity are useful early markers for identifying groups of patients that are at cardiovascular risk.
随着体重指数（BMI）的增加，心血管疾病和代谢紊乱的发生率也在稳步上升。由于 BMI 并不是肥胖和心血管风险的最佳和最早指标，因此本研究的目的是评估一些潜在的生物标志物，以便能够在早期发现处于更高风险的儿童和青少年。
本研究纳入了 330 名儿童和青少年，将其分为四组：肥胖合并高血压患者、正常体重合并高血压患者、血脂轻度升高患者和健康儿童青少年对照组。评估了一些临床参数（年龄、体重、身高、BMI、腰围、臀围、血压）、生化参数（血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白 A1、同型半胱氨酸）和肥胖的生物标志物（ghrelin、脂联素、瘦素）。
在所有三组观察对象中，ghrelin 和脂联素与 BMI 呈强负相关（p<0.001），但在对照组中无此相关性（p=0.053 和 p=0.316）。此外，瘦素与 BMI 在所有四组中均呈强正相关（研究组 p<0.001，对照组 p=0.009）。在肥胖合并高血压患者组中，与对照组相比，三种肥胖标志物均有统计学显著差异（所有标志物 p<0.001）。在血脂轻度升高患者组中，ghrelin 和瘦素有显著差异（p=0.002 和 p<0.001）。在正常体重合并高血压患者组中，与对照组相比，只有 ghrelin 的值有差异（p=0.001）。
与对照组相比，研究组的临床、生化和生物学参数存在显著差异。观察到的肥胖生物标志物是识别处于心血管风险的患者群体的有用早期标志物。
