Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil.
Aix-Marseille Université, POLYTECH Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie Des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
Planta. 2020 Feb 21;251(3):70. doi: 10.1007/s00425-020-03357-7.
Lipopeptides could help to overcome a large concern in agriculture: resistance against chemical pesticides. These molecules have activity against various phytopathogens and a potential to be transformed by genetic engineering. The exponential rise of pest resistances to different chemical pesticides and the global appeal of consumers for a sustainable agriculture and healthy nutrition have led to the search of new solutions for pest control. Furthermore, new laws require a different stance of producers. Based on that, bacteria of the genus Bacillus present a great agricultural potential, producing lipopeptides (LPs) that have high activity against insects, mites, nematodes, and/or phytopathogens that are harmful to plant cultures. Biopesticide activity can be found mainly in three families of Bacillus lipopeptides: surfactin, iturin, and fengycin. These molecules have an amphiphilic nature, interfering with biological membrane structures. Their antimicrobial properties include activity against bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and viruses. Recent studies also highlight the ability of these compounds to stimulate defense mechanisms of plants and biofilm formation, which is a key factor for the successful colonization of biocontrol organisms. The use of molecular biology has also recently been researched for continuous advances and discoveries of new LPs, avoiding possible future problems of resistance against these molecules. As a consequence of the properties and possibilities of LPs, numerous studies and developments as well as the attention of large companies in the field is expected in the near future.
对抗化学农药的耐药性。这些分子对各种植物病原体具有活性，并且具有通过基因工程进行转化的潜力。害虫对不同化学农药的耐药性呈指数级增长，以及消费者对可持续农业和健康营养的全球诉求，促使人们寻求新的害虫防治解决方案。此外，新的法律要求生产者采取不同的立场。基于这一点，芽孢杆菌属的细菌具有巨大的农业潜力，能够产生脂肽（LPs），这些脂肽对昆虫、螨虫、线虫和/或对植物培养有害的植物病原体具有很高的活性。生物农药的活性主要存在于芽孢杆菌属的三种脂肽家族中：表面活性剂、伊枯草菌素和丰原素。这些分子具有两亲性，会干扰生物膜结构。它们的抗菌特性包括对细菌、真菌、卵菌和病毒的活性。最近的研究还强调了这些化合物刺激植物防御机制和生物膜形成的能力，这是生物防治生物成功定植的关键因素。最近还研究了分子生物学在不断推进和发现新的脂肽方面的应用，以避免这些分子可能出现的耐药性问题。鉴于脂肽的特性和可能性，预计在不久的将来，会有大量的研究和开发工作，以及该领域的大公司的关注。
