Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France.
Neuropsychologia. 2020 Mar 16;140:107404. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107404. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
The neurobiology of sex differences during language processing has been widely investigated in the past three decades. While substantial sex differences have been reported, empirical findings however appear largely equivocal. The present systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis aimed to determine the degree of agreement among studies reporting sex differences in cortical activity during language processing. Irrespective of the modality and the specificity of the language task, sex differences in the BOLD signal or cerebral blood flow was highly inconsistent across fMRI and PET studies. On the temporal side, earlier latency of auditory evoked responses for female compared to male participants were consistently observed in EEG studies during both listening and speaking. Overall, the present review and meta-analysis support the theoretical assumption that there are much more similarities than differences between men and women in the human brain during language processing. Subtle but consistent temporal differences are however observed in the auditory processing of phonetic cues during speech perception and production.
过去三十年来，人们广泛研究了语言处理过程中性别差异的神经生物学。尽管已经报道了大量的性别差异，但实证研究结果似乎存在很大的分歧。本系统文献回顾和荟萃分析旨在确定报告语言处理过程中皮质活动性别差异的研究之间的一致性程度。无论语言任务的模态和特异性如何，fMRI 和 PET 研究中大脑活动的性别差异在很大程度上不一致。在时间方面，与男性参与者相比，女性参与者在听觉诱发电响应的潜伏期更早，这在听和说的 EEG 研究中均有观察到。总的来说，本综述和荟萃分析支持这样的理论假设，即在语言处理过程中，男性和女性的大脑之间存在更多的相似之处，而不是差异。然而，在言语感知和产生过程中，对语音线索的听觉处理中仍存在细微但一致的时间差异。
