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G 蛋白偶联受体 CCR5 在癌症中的作用。

The G protein coupled receptor CCR5 in cancer.

机构信息

Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, United States.

Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States.

出版信息

Adv Cancer Res. 2020;145:29-47. doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.11.001. Epub 2020 Jan 10.

DOI:10.1016/bs.acr.2019.11.001
PMID:32089164
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7755305/
Abstract

The G coupled protein receptor CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) has the unusual characteristic in humans of being a developmentally non-essential gene that participates in several pathological processes including infection with HIV (Dean et al., 1996; Gupta et al., 2019; Samson et al., 1996), progression of stroke (Joy et al., 2019), osteoporosis (Xie et al., 2019) and the metastasis of cancer (Jiao et al., 2018; Velasco-Velazquez et al., 2012, 2014) (Reviewed in: Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Jiao, Wang, & Pestell, 2019). The importance of CCR5 in HIV led to recent genetic engineering of humans to recreate a non-functional CCR5 gene. Thus, although the application of gene-editing tools, to manipulate human embryos is prohibited in the United States, and China. at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong (http://www.nationalacademies.org/), it was claimed that CRISPR-Cas9 systems had been used to edit the CCR5 gene in twin baby girls. The importance of CCR5 in stroke has led to clinical trials using maraviroc (NCT03172026). The key function of CCR5 in cancer metastasis and homing (Jiao et al., 2018; Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Velasco-Velazquez et al., 2012, 2014) has led to three active clinical trials for metastatic cancer using CCR5 antagonists (Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Jiao, Wang, & Pestell, 2019). Thus, it was surprising to find that the all-cause mortality rate in individuals who are homozygous for the CCR5△32 allele in the United Kingdom normal population was increased >20% increase, with an almost 2 year reduction overall lifespan (Wei & Nielsen, 2019). The current review herein discusses the distinct functions of CCR5 in human disease and potential avenues for further research.

摘要

G 蛋白偶联受体 CC 趋化因子受体 5(CCR5)在人类中具有独特的特征,它是一种发育上非必需的基因,参与多种病理过程,包括感染 HIV(Dean 等人,1996 年;Gupta 等人,2019 年;Samson 等人,1996 年)、中风进展(Joy 等人,2019 年)、骨质疏松症(Xie 等人,2019 年)和癌症转移(Jiao 等人,2018 年;Velasco-Velazquez 等人,2012 年,2014 年)(综述:Jiao、Nawab 等人,2019 年;Jiao、Wang 和 Pestell,2019 年)。CCR5 在 HIV 中的重要性导致最近对人类进行基因工程,以重新创建一个无功能的 CCR5 基因。因此,尽管在美国和中国,应用基因编辑工具来操纵人类胚胎是被禁止的,但在香港举行的第二届人类基因组编辑国际峰会上(http://www.nationalacademies.org/),据称已经使用 CRISPR-Cas9 系统编辑了一对双胞胎女婴的 CCR5 基因。CCR5 在中风中的重要性导致了使用 maraviroc 的临床试验(NCT03172026)。CCR5 在癌症转移和归巢中的关键功能(Jiao 等人,2018 年;Jiao、Nawab 等人,2019 年;Velasco-Velazquez 等人,2012 年,2014 年)导致了针对转移性癌症的三种使用 CCR5 拮抗剂的活跃临床试验(Jiao、Nawab 等人,2019 年;Jiao、Wang 和 Pestell,2019 年)。因此,令人惊讶的是,在英国正常人群中纯合 CCR5△32 等位基因的个体的全因死亡率增加了>20%,总寿命缩短了近 2 年(Wei 和 Nielsen,2019 年)。本文综述讨论了 CCR5 在人类疾病中的独特功能以及进一步研究的潜在途径。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/42b9/7755305/ddf713e3746b/nihms-1069074-f0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/42b9/7755305/ddf713e3746b/nihms-1069074-f0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/42b9/7755305/ddf713e3746b/nihms-1069074-f0001.jpg

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