Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health, Madrid, Spain.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2020 Sep;64(12):1275-1298. doi: 10.1177/0306624X20904704. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether neurofeedback (NFB) can be useful in the treatment of impulsive behavior in long-term abstinent cocaine and heroin addicts. A single-blind sham-controlled NFB protocol was carried out to assess the effects of NFB on impulsivity in 20 (10 + 10) cocaine and heroin long-term abstinent addicts ( [4th ed., text rev.; ]). Psychotic and neurologic diseases were excluded. Participants underwent 40 NFB sessions based on the very slow cortical potential range. Inhibitory deficits were specifically addressed through right and left prefrontal training. Clinical improvement was measured with Likert-type scales, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Continuous Performance Test. Although the results are preliminary due to the small sample size, the NFB-treated group showed a significant clinical improvement, including symptoms of anxiety and depression, with two differentiated time periods. No significant clinical improvement was found in the control group. A significant decrease in the post- versus pre-treatment measures of global impulsivity, nonplanning impulsivity, and error commission measures was found in the NFB-treated group; effect size () in the pre-post control design was moderate. No significant change was found in the control group. Despite the limitations of this study, the results suggest that NFB is better than placebo in improving impulsivity and clinical symptoms of anxiety and depression in long-term abstinent cocaine- and heroin-dependent individuals.
这项初步研究旨在评估神经反馈（NFB）是否可用于治疗长期戒毒的可卡因和海洛因成瘾者的冲动行为。采用单盲假对照 NFB 方案，评估 20 名（10+10）可卡因和海洛因长期戒毒成瘾者（[第 4 版，文本修订版]）NFB 对冲动性的影响。排除精神病和神经系统疾病。参与者接受基于非常慢皮质电位范围的 40 次 NFB 疗程。通过右前额和左前额训练专门解决抑制缺陷。采用李克特量表、汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表和状态-特质焦虑量表测量临床改善情况，采用巴雷特冲动量表和连续作业测试评估冲动性。由于样本量小，结果初步表明，NFB 治疗组在焦虑和抑郁症状等方面表现出显著的临床改善，分为两个不同时期。对照组没有发现显著的临床改善。NFB 治疗组在治疗后的总体冲动性、非计划性冲动性和错误发生率方面较治疗前显著降低，前后对照设计的效应量（）为中等。对照组没有发现显著变化。尽管存在这些研究局限性，但结果表明，NFB 在改善长期戒毒的可卡因和海洛因依赖者的冲动性和焦虑、抑郁临床症状方面优于安慰剂。
