Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Agriculture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Waste Manag Res. 2020 Jun;38(6):639-648. doi: 10.1177/0734242X20905115. Epub 2020 Feb 23.
Rapid urbanization, closure of dumps, and insufficient infrastructure funding in Lebanon have resulted in improper municipal solid waste management (MSWM), creating a continuing trash crisis in recent years. In Beirut and Mount Lebanon, MSWM was carried out in centralized waste processing and disposal facilities operated by the government. The trash crisis and failure of the centralized system prompted several municipal authorities to decentralize MSWM by establishing local facilities, paid by the council taxes charged to beneficiary households. To study the feasibility of decentralized MSWM, a survey of 228 households in a rural village in Lebanon explored households' willingness to pay (WTP) for a local MSWM service. For data analysis, a multivariate Tobit model was used to examine the determinants of the WTP amount. Results showed that 79% of surveyed households in the studied village were willing to support local MSWM improvements by contributing an average yearly fee of US$48, representing a 30% increase in their current council taxes. Analysis showed a significant positive association between the WTP amount and the household monthly income level, the residents perceived needs for urgency to act on solid waste management, and the households' responsibility to be involved in MSWM. An interview with the municipality mayor later revealed that financial, technical, and land resources are lacking to enable consideration of a decentralized project for MSWM in the village. Municipalities in rural areas have limited resources and are unable to sustain a decentralized MSWM service unless adjacent towns join effort in supporting and financing MSWM initiatives.
黎巴嫩的快速城市化、垃圾场关闭以及基础设施资金不足，导致城市固体废物管理不善，近年来持续出现垃圾危机。在贝鲁特和黎巴嫩山，城市固体废物管理由政府运营的集中废物处理和处置设施进行。垃圾危机和集中系统的失败促使几个市当局通过建立地方设施来分散城市固体废物管理，这些设施由向受益家庭收取的议会税支付。为了研究分散式城市固体废物管理的可行性，对黎巴嫩一个农村村庄的 228 户家庭进行了调查，以了解家庭对当地城市固体废物管理服务的支付意愿（WTP）。为了进行数据分析，使用了多元 Tobit 模型来检验 WTP 金额的决定因素。结果表明，研究村庄 79%的被调查家庭愿意通过每年支付 48 美元的费用来支持当地城市固体废物管理的改善，这代表他们目前的议会税增加了 30%。分析表明，WTP 金额与家庭月收入水平、居民对采取行动处理固体废物管理的迫切需求以及家庭参与城市固体废物管理的责任之间存在显著的正相关关系。后来对市长的采访显示，缺乏财政、技术和土地资源，无法考虑在村庄实施分散的城市固体废物管理项目。农村地区的市当局资源有限，除非附近城镇共同努力支持和资助城市固体废物管理举措，否则无法维持分散的城市固体废物管理服务。
