Ramón Y Romero Fidel
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Mexico City, Mexico.
Gac Med Mex. 2019;155(5):496-499. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M20000338.
Sleep is defined as a state of unconsciousness, reduced locomotive activity and rapid awakening, and is well established in mammals, birds, reptiles and teleosts. Commonly, it is also defined with electrical records (electroencephalogram), which are only well established in mammals and to some extent in birds. However, sleep states similar to those of mammals, except for electrical criteria, appear to occur in some invertebrates. Currently, the most compelling evidence of sleep in invertebrates has been obtained in the crayfish. In mammals, sleep is characterized by a brain state that is different from that of wakefulness, which includes a change to slow waves that has not been observed in insects. Herein, we show that the crayfish enters a brain state with a high threshold to vibratory stimuli, accompanied by a form of slow wave activity in the brain, quite different from that of wakefulness. Therefore, the crayfish can enter a state of sleep that is comparable to that of mammals.
睡眠被定义为一种无意识状态，其运动活动减少且能迅速苏醒，在哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物和硬骨鱼中都已得到充分证实。通常，睡眠也通过电记录（脑电图）来定义，而脑电图仅在哺乳动物中得到充分确立，在鸟类中也有一定程度的体现。然而，除了电标准外，与哺乳动物类似的睡眠状态似乎也出现在一些无脊椎动物中。目前，在无脊椎动物中关于睡眠最有说服力的证据是在小龙虾身上获得的。在哺乳动物中，睡眠的特征是大脑状态与清醒状态不同，其中包括出现慢波，而这在昆虫中并未观察到。在此，我们表明小龙虾会进入一种对振动刺激阈值较高的大脑状态，同时伴有大脑中的一种慢波活动形式，这与清醒状态有很大不同。因此，小龙虾能够进入一种与哺乳动物相当的睡眠状态。
