Faculty of Biomedicine, Psychology Department, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 20;17(4):1370. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041370.
Gender roles impact different spheres of life and lead women to behavioral patterns and lifestyle habits associated with femininity, generating important differences between men and women in health. The present study analyzed relationships between conformity to the feminine norms and different lifestyle indicators: Educational level, marital status, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, sleeping hours, social support, and physical activity. Additionally, cluster analysis was developed in order to identify different patterns of gender role conformity. The sample was made up of 347 women age 18-70 from Spain. Data collection was conducted during 2014. Multiple logistic regression analyses produced odds ratios showing that women with lower feminine role conformity were more likely to use tobacco and alcohol, but less likely to share their lives with someone. Cluster analysis found four different profiles of gender role conformity related to different patterns of alcohol consumption and marital status. Conformity to feminine norms was associated with basic affective conditions such as sharing life with others and with alcohol and tobacco consumption, but not with physical activity, social support, and sleep duration. Whereas tobacco and alcohol use have important health implications, public health systems should pay attention to gender-related variables in order to design and implement specific prevention programs.
性别角色影响着生活的各个领域，导致女性形成与女性气质相关的行为模式和生活习惯，从而在健康方面造成男女之间的重要差异。本研究分析了对女性规范的遵从程度与不同生活方式指标之间的关系：教育程度、婚姻状况、饮酒、吸烟、睡眠时间、社会支持和身体活动。此外，还进行了聚类分析，以确定不同的性别角色一致性模式。该样本由来自西班牙的 347 名 18-70 岁的女性组成。数据收集于 2014 年进行。多项逻辑回归分析产生了优势比，表明女性对女性角色的遵从程度越低，吸烟和饮酒的可能性就越大，但与他人分享生活的可能性就越小。聚类分析发现了四种不同的性别角色一致性模式，与不同的饮酒和婚姻状况模式相关。对女性规范的遵从与基本的情感条件有关，例如与他人分享生活以及饮酒和吸烟，但与身体活动、社会支持和睡眠时间无关。虽然吸烟和饮酒对健康有重要影响，但公共卫生系统应关注与性别相关的变量，以便设计和实施具体的预防计划。
