Clarke A Susan, Mason William A, Moberg Gary P
California Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
Am J Primatol. 1988;14(1):37-52. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350140104.
Behavioral and adrenocortical responses of rhesus (Macaca mulatta), bonnet (M. radiata), and crabeating (M. fascicularis) macaques were compared in their home cages, during exposure to novelty and during physical restraint. Both behavioral and adrenocortical responses differentiated species in each condition. In all conditions, post-test corticosteroid levels were highest for crabeaters and lowest for rhesus. Rhesus were the most active behaviorally, and bonnets were the most passive, while crabeaters exhibited the greatest signs of behavioral disturbance. Relationships between adrenocortical and behavioral responses varied between groups. Both adrenocortical and behavioral profiles were in accord with the behavior of these three species under more natural conditions. The role of psychophysiological responses in general behavioral dispositions toward the environment is discussed. It is concluded that behavioral dispositions, inclusive of psychophysiological responses, may vary qualitatively even among closely related primate species.
在恒河猴（猕猴属）、帽猴（M. radiata）和食蟹猴（M. fascicularis）处于其笼舍内、接触新事物期间以及身体受约束期间，对它们的行为和肾上腺皮质反应进行了比较。在每种情况下，行为和肾上腺皮质反应都能区分不同物种。在所有情况下，测试后食蟹猴的皮质类固醇水平最高，恒河猴最低。恒河猴在行为上最为活跃，帽猴最为被动，而食蟹猴表现出最大的行为干扰迹象。肾上腺皮质反应与行为反应之间的关系在不同组之间有所不同。肾上腺皮质和行为特征均与这三个物种在更自然条件下的行为相符。讨论了心理生理反应在对环境的一般行为倾向中的作用。得出的结论是，包括心理生理反应在内的行为倾向，即使在亲缘关系密切的灵长类物种之间也可能在质量上有所不同。
