Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Psychosomatics. 2020 May-Jun;61(3):220-230. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.01.005. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
Personality describes an enduring pattern of experiences and behaviors in the interpersonal and social sphere. Several aspects of personality, e.g., defenses, relational dynamics, and reactions, are commonly accentuated in the midst of medical care; therefore, understanding a patient's personality allows the clinician to make informed predictions about how a specific patient may respond to illness and how care interactions might be modified to optimize care engagement and outcomes.
OBJECTIVE/METHODS: This article provides a brief description of the personalities in the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, Second Edition, and discusses how each one might inform clinical interactions. Two additional personality-like presentations-the traumatized patient and cognitive impairment-are included for clinical utility given their high prevalence in medical settings and their potential for broad impact on clinical relationships.
Personality-informed care is an approach that incorporates information about the patient's personality into the clinical relationship. It describes what the clinician might say and when, what recommendations to offer and how to frame them, and how to comport oneself while providing care.
Personality-informed care operationalizes several aspects of personalized medicine, and it offers a heuristic framework that may facilitate and enhance the implementation of evidence-based care.
人格描述了人际交往和社会领域中持久的经验和行为模式。人格的几个方面，例如防御机制、关系动态和反应，在医疗保健中通常会被强调；因此，了解患者的人格可以让临床医生对特定患者可能对疾病的反应做出明智的预测，以及如何调整护理互动以优化护理参与和结果。
目的/方法：本文简要描述了《精神动力诊断手册》第二版中的人格，并讨论了每一种人格如何为临床互动提供信息。鉴于创伤患者和认知障碍在医疗环境中的高患病率及其对临床关系的潜在广泛影响，为了临床实用性，还纳入了另外两种类似人格的表现形式。
人格导向的护理是一种将患者的人格信息纳入临床关系的方法。它描述了临床医生可能会说什么和什么时候说，提供什么建议以及如何构建它们，以及在提供护理时如何表现自己。
人格导向的护理实施了个性化医疗的几个方面，并提供了一个启发式框架，可以促进和增强基于证据的护理的实施。
