Ultrasound in renal transplantation.

Because of important differences in prognosis and treatment, prompt and accurate diagnosis of fever, decreasing function, and pain and tenderness around a renal allograft is crucial for differentiation between acute rejection and other post-operative conditions which may give a similar picture. Ultrasound examinations within 24 hours have been performed on all transplant recipients exhibiting symtoms compatible on all transplant recipients exhibiting symptoms compatible with an episode of acute rejection between September 1973 and June 1976 at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. The patients were separated into four groups dependent upon diagnosis by ultrasound; Group I(73 patients); allograft enlargment consistent with acute rejection; Group II (14 patients); dilitation of the collecting system; Group III (14 patients); perinephric fluid collections; Group IV (6 patients); miscellaneous conditions. The accuracy of the ultrasound technique was compared within each group to the results from intravenous pyelography, retrograde pyelography, serial renograms, kidney biopsy and/or surgical exploration. This convenient, non-invasive and reproducible method has been extremely effective in the differential diagnosis of rejection in clinical transplantation.