Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Sports Med. 2020 Jul;50(7):1361-1375. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01275-y.
The effects of sodium bicarbonate on muscular strength and muscular endurance are commonly acknowledged as unclear due to the contrasting evidence on the topic.
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring the acute effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on muscular strength and endurance.
A search for studies was performed using five databases. Meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (SMDs) were performed using a random-effects model to determine the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on muscular strength (assessed by changes in peak force [N], peak torque [N m], or maximum load lifted [kg]) and muscular endurance (assessed by changes in the number of repetitions performed, isokinetic total work, or time to maintain isometric force production). Subgroup meta-analyses were conducted for the muscular endurance of small vs. large muscle groups and muscular strength tested in a rested vs. fatigued state. A random-effects meta-regression analysis was used to explore possible trends in the effects of: (a) timing of sodium bicarbonate ingestion; and (b) acute increase in blood bicarbonate concentration (from baseline to pre-exercise), on muscular endurance and muscular strength.
Thirteen studies explored the effects of sodium bicarbonate on muscular endurance and 11 on muscular strength. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation was found to be ergogenic for muscular endurance (SMD = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15, 0.59; p = 0.001). The performance-enhancing effects of sodium bicarbonate were significant for both small (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.59; p = 0.025) and large muscle groups (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.66; p = 0.003). Sodium bicarbonate ingestion was not found to enhance muscular strength (SMD = - 0.03; 95% CI: - 0.18, 0.12; p = 0.725). No significant effects were found regardless of whether the testing was carried out in a rested (SMD = 0.02; 95% CI: - 0.09, 0.13; p = 0.694) or fatigued (SMD = - 0.16; 95% CI: - 0.59, 0.28; p = 0.483) state. No significant linear trends in the effects of timing of sodium bicarbonate ingestion or acute increase in blood bicarbonate concentrations on muscular endurance or muscular strength were found.
Overall, sodium bicarbonate supplementation acutely improves muscular endurance of small and large muscle groups, but no significant ergogenic effect on muscular strength was found.
由于在该主题上存在相互矛盾的证据，因此普遍认为碳酸氢钠对肌肉力量和肌肉耐力的影响尚不清楚。
对研究碳酸氢钠补充对肌肉力量和耐力的急性影响的研究进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。
使用五个数据库进行了研究搜索。使用随机效应模型对标准化均数差值（SMD）进行荟萃分析，以确定碳酸氢钠补充对肌肉力量（通过峰值力[N]、峰值扭矩[N·m]或最大举重量[kg]的变化来评估）和肌肉耐力（通过重复次数、等速总功或维持等长力量产生的时间的变化来评估）的影响。对小肌群和大肌群的肌肉耐力以及休息和疲劳状态下测试的肌肉力量进行亚组荟萃分析。使用随机效应荟萃回归分析来探讨碳酸氢钠摄入时间和血液碳酸氢盐浓度（从基线到运动前）急性升高对肌肉耐力和肌肉力量的影响趋势。
有 13 项研究探讨了碳酸氢钠对肌肉耐力的影响，有 11 项研究探讨了肌肉力量。发现碳酸氢钠补充对肌肉耐力具有增强作用（SMD=0.37；95%置信区间[CI]：0.15，0.59；p=0.001）。碳酸氢钠对小肌群（SMD=0.31；95%CI：0.04，0.59；p=0.025）和大肌群（SMD=0.40；95%CI：0.13，0.66；p=0.003）的增强效果均具有统计学意义。未发现碳酸氢钠摄入可增强肌肉力量（SMD=-0.03；95%CI：-0.18，0.12；p=0.725）。无论测试是在休息（SMD=0.02；95%CI：-0.09，0.13；p=0.694）还是疲劳（SMD=-0.16；95%CI：-0.59，0.28；p=0.483）状态下进行，均未发现显著影响。未发现碳酸氢钠摄入时间或血液碳酸氢盐浓度急性升高对肌肉耐力或肌肉力量的影响呈线性趋势。
总体而言，碳酸氢钠补充可急性改善小肌群和大肌群的肌肉耐力，但对肌肉力量没有明显的增强作用。
