Saunders Bryan, Oliveira Luana Farias de, Dolan Eimear, Durkalec-Michalski Krzysztof, McNaughton Lars, Artioli Guilherme Giannini, Swinton Paul Alan
Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 May;22(5):745-754. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1880649. Epub 2021 Feb 28.
Sodium bicarbonate (SB) is considered an effective ergogenic supplement for improving high-intensity exercise capacity and performance, although recent data suggests that women may be less amenable to its ergogenic effects than men. Currently, an apparent paucity of data on women means no consensus exists on whether women benefit from SB supplementation. The aim of the current study was to quantify the proportion of the published literature on SB supplementation that includes women, and to synthesise the evidence regarding its effects on blood bicarbonate and exercise performance in women by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic searches of the literature were undertaken using three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus) to identify relevant articles. All meta-analyses were performed within a Bayesian framework. A total of 149 SB articles were identified, 11 of which contained individual group data for women. Results indicated a pooled blood bicarbonate increase of 7.4 [95%CrI: 4.2-10.4 mmol·L] following supplementation and a pooled standardised exercise effect size of 0.37 [95%CrI: -0.06-0.92]. The SB literature is skewed, with only 20% (30 studies) of studies employing female participants, of which only 11 studies (7.4%) provided group analyses exclusively in women. Despite the small amount of available data, results are consistent in showing that SB supplementation in women leads to large changes in blood bicarbonate and that there is strong evidence for a positive ergogenic effect on exercise performance that is likely to be small to medium in magnitude.HighlightsThis study aimed to quantify the proportion of the published literature on sodium bicarbonate supplementation that includes women and to synthesise the evidence regarding its ergogenic effect on women, using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach.The sodium bicarbonate literature is skewed, with only 30 studies (20%) employing female participants, of which only 11 studies (7.4%) provided group analyses exclusively in women.Despite the small amount of available data, results are consistent in showing that sodium bicarbonate supplementation in women leads to large changes in blood bicarbonate and that there is strong evidence for a positive ergogenic effect on exercise performance that is likely small to medium in magnitude.Based on these findings, we do not believe there is any evidence to support sex-specific sodium bicarbonate dosing recommendations and that current recommendations of 0.2-0.3 g·kgBM of SB taken 60-180 min prior to high-intensity exercise appear appropriate for the female athlete.
碳酸氢钠（SB）被认为是一种有效的促力补充剂，可提高高强度运动能力和表现，尽管最近的数据表明，女性可能比男性对其促力作用的反应性更低。目前，关于女性的数据明显匮乏，这意味着对于女性是否能从补充SB中获益尚无共识。本研究的目的是量化已发表的关于补充SB的文献中纳入女性的比例，并通过进行系统评价和荟萃分析，综合有关其对女性血碳酸氢盐和运动表现影响的证据。使用三个数据库（MEDLINE、Embase、SPORTDiscus）对文献进行电子检索，以识别相关文章。所有荟萃分析均在贝叶斯框架内进行。共识别出149篇关于SB的文章，其中11篇包含女性个体组数据。结果表明，补充后血碳酸氢盐合并增加7.4[95%CrI：4.2 - 10.4 mmol·L]，标准化运动效应大小合并为0.37[95%CrI：-0.06 - 0.92]。关于SB的文献存在偏差，只有20%（30项研究）的研究纳入了女性参与者，其中只有11项研究（7.4%）专门提供了女性组分析。尽管可用数据量较少，但结果一致表明，女性补充SB会导致血碳酸氢盐大幅变化，并且有强有力的证据表明对运动表现有积极的促力作用，其幅度可能为小到中等。
要点
本研究旨在量化已发表的关于补充碳酸氢钠的文献中纳入女性的比例，并采用系统评价和荟萃分析方法综合有关其对女性促力作用的证据。
关于碳酸氢钠的文献存在偏差，只有30项研究（20%）纳入了女性参与者，其中只有11项研究（7.4%）专门提供了女性组分析。
尽管可用数据量较少，但结果一致表明，女性补充碳酸氢钠会导致血碳酸氢盐大幅变化，并且有强有力的证据表明对运动表现有积极的促力作用，其幅度可能为小到中等。
基于这些发现，我们认为没有任何证据支持针对不同性别的碳酸氢钠给药建议，并且目前在高强度运动前60 - 180分钟服用0.2 - 0.3 g·kgBM SB的建议似乎适用于女运动员。
