Huang Dongxiang, Wang Xiaobing, Gonjo Tomohiro, Takagi Hideki, Huang Bo, Huang Wenrui, Shan Qi, Chow Daniel Hung-Kay
School of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, P.R. China.
Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
Sports Med Open. 2024 Oct 23;10(1):115. doi: 10.1186/s40798-024-00784-8.
Although recent studies have increasingly focused on examining the potential benefits of creatine supplementation to improve performance in swimming events, the impact of creatine supplementation on swimming performance remains a topic of debate and controversy. A comprehensive meta-analytical review was undertaken to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on the performance, physiological response, and body composition among swimmers.
The research methodology adhered strictly to the guidelines outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was conducted across six databases (Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus) until March 23, 2024. Eligible studies that investigated the impact of creatine supplementation on swimming time, physiological parameters, and body composition in swimmers were included. For the meta-analysis, a random-effects model was employed to determine the collective effect and assess variations across distinct subgroups defined by swimming time, physiological metrics, and body composition. Meta-regression analysis was conducted on datasets comprising ten or more studies. Standardized mean differences (SMD) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. To evaluate the methodological rigor of the included studies, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was utilized.
The systematic review included seventeen studies with a total of 361 subjects. No significant differences were observed in the overall effect during single sprint swimming (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.15; p = 0.61), repeated interval swimming (SMD: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.46, 0.25; p = 0.56), physiological response (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.23; p = 0.71), and body composition (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.41; p = 0.12) between creatine and placebo groups.
Creatine supplementation exhibited ineffectiveness in enhancing the performance, physiological response, and body composition among swimmers.
尽管最近的研究越来越关注考察补充肌酸对提高游泳项目成绩的潜在益处，但补充肌酸对游泳成绩的影响仍是一个存在争议的话题。本研究进行了一项全面的荟萃分析综述，以评估补充肌酸对游泳运动员的成绩、生理反应和身体成分的影响。
研究方法严格遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）所概述的指南。在六个数据库（Cochrane图书馆、科学网、Scopus、Embase、PubMed和SPORTDiscus）中进行了全面检索，直至2024年3月23日。纳入了研究补充肌酸对游泳运动员的游泳时间、生理参数和身体成分影响的合格研究。对于荟萃分析，采用随机效应模型来确定总体效应，并评估由游泳时间、生理指标和身体成分定义的不同亚组之间的差异。对包含十项或更多研究的数据集进行了荟萃回归分析。计算了标准化平均差（SMD）及其相应的95%置信区间（CI）。为了评估纳入研究的方法学严谨性，使用了物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）量表。
该系统评价纳入了17项研究，共361名受试者。在单次冲刺游泳（SMD：-0.05，95%CI：-0.26，0.15；p = 0.61）、重复间歇游泳（SMD：-0.11；95%CI：-0.46，0.25；p = 0.56）、生理反应（SMD：0.04，95%CI：-0.16，0.23；p = 0.71）和身体成分（SMD：0.18；95%CI：-0.05，0.41；p = 0.12）方面，肌酸组和安慰剂组之间未观察到显著差异。
补充肌酸在提高游泳运动员的成绩、生理反应和身体成分方面显示无效。
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