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全球老龄化:成就、挑战与机遇

Global ageing: successes, challenges and opportunities.

作者信息

Mitchell Emma, Walker Richard

机构信息

Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK.

Institute of Population Health Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

出版信息

Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2020 Feb 2;81(2):1-9. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2019.0377. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Abstract

The world's population is ageing rapidly, with significant increases in the numbers of the oldest old. This places great pressure on societies to adapt to this changing demography. Pertinent issues include provision of education and resource for long-term conditions. The priorities older people hold need to be fully understood and their contributions to society, often diverse and far-reaching, recognised with sincerity. Currently, health systems for older people can often feel reactive, fragmented and disjointed. These systems can harbour inequity and ageism, and leave both patients and health-care providers dissatisfied. Regarding the global context, the most rapidly ageing populations are in low- and middle-income countries. This partly reflects huge successes in the treatment and control of communicable diseases but gives rise to the challenge of the 'double burden', managing both communicable and non-communicable diseases simultaneously. Moreover, multimorbidity (suffering two or more chronic conditions) is commonplace and presents further challenges with regards to providing coordinated care. In order to harmonise effective and sustainable change, collaboration at local, national and international levels is key in order to foster a platform for learning and information sharing. Therein lies huge opportunities for countries to share their individual experiences, both past and present, to improve preparedness for global ageing.

摘要

世界人口正在迅速老龄化,高龄老人的数量显著增加。这给社会带来了巨大压力,迫使其适应这种不断变化的人口结构。相关问题包括为长期疾病提供教育和资源。老年人的优先事项需要得到充分理解,他们对社会的贡献往往是多样且影响深远的,需要得到真诚认可。目前,针对老年人的卫生系统往往给人一种被动、零散和脱节的感觉。这些系统可能存在不公平和年龄歧视现象,让患者和医疗服务提供者都不满意。在全球范围内,老龄化速度最快的人群集中在低收入和中等收入国家。这部分反映了在传染病治疗和控制方面取得的巨大成功,但也带来了 “双重负担” 的挑战,即同时应对传染病和非传染病。此外,多种疾病并存(患有两种或更多慢性疾病)的情况很常见,在提供协调护理方面带来了进一步挑战。为了协调有效和可持续的变革,地方、国家和国际层面的合作是关键,以便建立一个学习和信息共享的平台。各国借此有巨大机会分享各自过去和现在的经验,以提高应对全球老龄化的准备程度。

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