Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 21;17(4):1378. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041378.
Masticatory muscle activity during teeth clenching is associated with changes in many physiological parameters throughout the body. Clenching can improve muscle activity, force production, rate of force development, and joint fixation. Hence, teeth clenching and masticatory muscle activity can be important in competitive sports activities. Sport climbing is becoming increasingly popular and will be included for the first time in the Summer Olympic Games, Tokyo, 2020. However, masticatory muscle activity in sport climbers has not yet been studied. The aim of the presented study is to compare the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles in sport climbers and non-climbers in order to determine the relationship between these muscles and climbing activity. 44 subjects without masticatory system disorders (16 women and 28 men, average age 26.3) were divided into two groups of 22 sport climbers (8 women, 14 men, climbing experience >4 years), while 22 people (8 women, 14 men, with no regular sports activity) were assigned to the control group. Electromyographic examination of temporalis anterior (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) was evaluated in three conditions: during resting mandibular position, during maximum intercuspation clenching, and during maximum voluntary clenching with cotton rolls between teeth. For statistical analysis, the W Shapiro-Wilk test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. Sport climbers showed significantly higher bioelectrical activities of MM during maximum intercuspation clenching (238.45 μV vs. 83.87 μV, = 0.002), and during maximum voluntary clenching with cotton rolls between teeth (300.01 μV vs. 101.38 μV, = 0.001) compared to controls. The differences between groups in relation to the resting bioelectrical activity of the MM muscles, and TA muscles in all conditions were not statistically significant ( > 0.05). Higher bioelectrical activity of masseter muscles during clenching in climbers can be associated with this sports activity. However, the mechanism remains unknown and requires future research.
咀嚼肌在咬牙时的活动与全身许多生理参数的变化有关。咬牙可以改善肌肉活动、力量产生、力量发展速度和关节固定。因此，咬牙和咀嚼肌活动在竞技体育活动中很重要。运动攀岩越来越受欢迎，将于 2020 年首次在东京夏季奥运会上亮相。然而，运动攀岩者的咀嚼肌活动尚未得到研究。本研究的目的是比较运动攀岩者和非攀岩者的咀嚼肌生物电活动，以确定这些肌肉与攀岩活动之间的关系。44 名无咀嚼系统疾病的受试者（16 名女性和 28 名男性，平均年龄 26.3 岁）分为两组，每组 22 名运动攀岩者（8 名女性，14 名男性，攀岩经验>4 年），而 22 名（8 名女性，14 名男性，无定期运动活动）被分配到对照组。在前庭肌（TA）和咬肌（MM）的肌电图检查中评估了三种情况：下颌休息位、最大咬合咬牙和最大自主咬牙时用牙间棉卷。统计分析采用 W Shapiro-Wilk 检验和 Mann-Whitney U 检验。运动攀岩者在最大咬合咬牙时（238.45 μV 对 83.87 μV， = 0.002）和最大自主咬牙时用牙间棉卷（300.01 μV 对 101.38 μV， = 0.001）的 MM 肌肉生物电活动明显高于对照组。与对照组相比，各组在 MM 肌肉和 TA 肌肉的休息状态下的生物电活动差异无统计学意义（ > 0.05）。在运动员中，咀嚼肌在咬牙时的生物电活动较高，可能与这项运动有关。然而，其机制尚不清楚，需要进一步研究。
