Foetal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, C.P. 41009 Seville, Spain.
Department of Surgery, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 21;17(4):1388. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041388.
Prenatal alcohol exposure can produce serious changes in neurodevelopment that last a lifetime, as well as a wide range of congenital abnormalities, and is the main non-hereditary, avoidable cause of intellectual disability in developed countries. It is therefore crucial to understand the determinants of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This study is aimed at determining the factors that predict it, as well as the interactions between them.
A cross-sectional study was carried out using a random sample of 426 pregnant women being treated at the outpatient clinic of a public university hospital in Seville (Spain), when they were in their twentieth week of pregnancy. A custom-designed questionnaire was used for data collection and applied in the course of an interview administered by trained health professionals. The data collected were analyzed using hierarchical regression, moderation analysis, and a structural equations model.
Alcohol consumption prior to pregnancy proved to be the most powerful predictor of alcohol intake during pregnancy. Other particularly significant predictors were the percentage of professionals who gave correct advice to the expectant mother-not to consume any alcohol during pregnancy-and perception of the risk from drinking wine during pregnancy. The number of pregnancies correlates positively with alcohol intake during pregnancy, while the expectant mother's level of education correlates negatively.
Identifying these predictive factors will allow the design of more effective fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) prevention strategies.
产前酒精暴露会对神经发育产生严重影响，这些影响会持续一生，还会导致广泛的先天性异常，是发达国家中主要的非遗传性、可避免的智力障碍原因。因此，了解孕期饮酒的决定因素至关重要。本研究旨在确定其预测因素，并研究这些因素之间的相互作用。
采用横断面研究，随机抽取 426 名在西班牙塞维利亚一所公立大学附属医院门诊就诊的孕妇作为研究对象，这些孕妇在妊娠第 20 周时接受了调查。使用专门设计的问卷收集数据，并由经过培训的卫生专业人员进行访谈。使用分层回归、调节分析和结构方程模型对收集到的数据进行分析。
妊娠前的饮酒量是孕期饮酒量的最强预测因素。其他特别重要的预测因素包括专业人员为孕妇提供正确建议的比例——不要在孕期饮酒，以及对孕期饮用葡萄酒风险的感知。怀孕次数与孕期饮酒量呈正相关，而孕妇的教育水平与孕期饮酒量呈负相关。
识别这些预测因素将有助于制定更有效的胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）预防策略。
