Updating the Quarantine Status of Infecting Viruses in Australia.

One hundred trees, including almond (), apricot (), nectarine (), peach (), plum (), purple leaf plum () and sweet cherry (), were selected from growing regions Australia-wide and tested for the presence of 34 viruses and three viroids using species-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. In addition, the samples were tested using some virus family or genus-based RT-PCR tests. The following viruses were detected: (ACLSV) (13/100), (ApMV) (1/100), (CGRMV) (4/100), (CNRMV) (2/100), (CVA) (14/100), (LChV2) (3/100), (PBNSPaV) (4/100), (PDV) (3/100), (PNRSV) (52/100), (HSVd) (9/100) and (PLMVd) (6/100). The results showed that PNRSV is widespread in trees in Australia. Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterise the genomes of some viruses that were detected by RT-PCR tests and (ApLV), (AVCaV), (APV2) and (NSPaV) were also detected. This is the first report of ApLV, APV2, CGRMV, CNRNV, LChV1, LChV2, NSPaV and PBNSPaV occurring in Australia. It is also the first report of ASGV infecting species in Australia, although it is known to infect other plant species including pome fruit and citrus.