Department of Finance, Banking and Economic Analysis, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Craiova, Center for Banking and Financial Research, 13 A I Cuza Street, 200585 Craiova, Romania.
Department of Marketing and International Economic Relations, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, West University of Timisoara, East European Center for Research in Economics and Business, 16 Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timisoara, Romania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 24;17(4):1439. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041439.
Population aging and public health expenditure mainly dedicated to older dependent persons present major challenges for the European Union (EU) Member States, with profound implications for their economies and labor markets. Sustainable economic development relies on a well-balanced workforce of young and older people. As this balance shifts in favor of older people, productivity tends to suffer, on the one hand, and the older group demands more from health services, on the other hand. These requisites tend to manifest differently within developed and developing EU countries. This research aimed to assess population aging impacts on labor market coordinates (employment rate, labor productivity), in the framework of several health dimensions (namely, health government expenditure, hospital services, healthy life years, perceived health) and other economic and social factors. The analytical approach consisted of applying structural equation models, Gaussian graphical models, and macroeconometric models (robust regression and panel corrected standard errors) to EU panel data for the years 1995-2017. The results show significant dissimilarities between developed and developing EU countries, suggesting the need for specific policies and strategies for the labor market integration of older people, jointly with public health expenditure, with implications for EU labor market performance.
人口老龄化和主要用于老年赡养人口的公共卫生支出给欧盟成员国带来了重大挑战，对其经济和劳动力市场产生了深远影响。可持续的经济发展依赖于年轻和老年劳动力之间的良好平衡。随着这种平衡向老年人倾斜，一方面生产力往往会受到影响，另一方面老年群体对医疗服务的需求会增加。这些要求在发达和发展中欧盟国家的表现方式有所不同。本研究旨在评估人口老龄化对劳动力市场坐标（就业率、劳动生产率）的影响，涉及多个健康维度（即政府卫生支出、医院服务、健康寿命年、感知健康）以及其他经济和社会因素。分析方法包括应用结构方程模型、高斯图形模型和宏观计量经济学模型（稳健回归和面板校正标准误差）对 1995-2017 年欧盟的面板数据进行分析。结果表明，发达和发展中欧盟国家之间存在显著差异，这表明需要为老年人的劳动力市场融合制定具体的政策和战略，同时还需要制定公共卫生支出政策，这对欧盟劳动力市场的表现有影响。
