Cepeda Sebastian, Forero-Castro Maribel, Cárdenas-Nieto Diana, Martínez-Agüero María, Rondón-Lagos Milena
School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia.
Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020 Feb 11;13:97-110. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S230953. eCollection 2020.
An important economic activity in Colombia is agricultural production and farmers are frequently exposed to pesticides. Occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with an increased incidence of various diseases, including cancer, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. However, although high genotoxicity is associated with these chemicals, information about the type and frequency of specific chromosomal alterations (CAs) and the level of chromosomal instability (CIN) induced by exposure to pesticides is scarce or absent.
In this study, CAs and CIN were assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from five farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides and from five unexposed individuals using GTG-banding and molecular cytogenetic analysis.
A significant increase in clonal and non-clonal chromosomal alterations was observed in pesticide-exposed individuals compared with unexposed individuals (510±12,2 vs 73±5,7, respectively; <0.008). Among all CAs, monosomies and deletions were more frequently observed in the exposed group. Also, a high frequency of fragilities was observed in the exposed group.
Together, these findings suggest that exposure to pesticides could be associated with CIN in PBLs and indicate the need for the establishment of educational programs on safety precautions when handling pesticides, such as wearing gloves, masks and boots, changing clothes and maintaining proper hygiene, among others. Further evaluation in other similar studies that include a greater number of individuals exposed to pesticides is necessary.
在哥伦比亚，农业生产是一项重要的经济活动，农民经常接触农药。职业性接触农药与包括癌症、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、生殖障碍和出生缺陷在内的各种疾病的发病率增加有关。然而，尽管这些化学物质具有高遗传毒性，但关于接触农药所诱发的特定染色体改变（CA）的类型和频率以及染色体不稳定性（CIN）水平的信息却很少或不存在。
在本研究中，使用GTG显带和分子细胞遗传学分析，对5名职业性接触农药的农民和5名未接触者的外周血淋巴细胞（PBL）中的CA和CIN进行了评估。
与未接触者相比，接触农药的个体中克隆性和非克隆性染色体改变显著增加（分别为510±12.2和73±5.7；<0.008）。在所有的CA中，暴露组中单体和缺失更为常见。此外，暴露组中观察到高频率的脆性。
这些研究结果共同表明，接触农药可能与PBL中的CIN有关，并表明需要制定关于处理农药时安全预防措施的教育计划，如戴手套、口罩和靴子、换衣服以及保持适当的卫生等。有必要在其他类似研究中对更多接触农药的个体进行进一步评估。
