The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jun 1;30(3):532-538. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa021.
Mental well-being is fundamental for a good life. Previous literature has examined the predictors of mental disorders and continuous measures of positive mental health. Very few studies have specifically focused on the predictors of different levels of mental well-being, but those that have suggest a different picture. This study aimed to compare socioeconomic and relational/recreational behaviour predictors of different levels of mental well-being as well as common mental disorders (CMDs).
Data from 3508 adults aged 16+ years old from the Danish Mental Health and Well-Being Survey 2016 were linked to Danish national register-based data. Mental well-being was assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and information on CMDs was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Regression analyses were conducted to estimate the predictors of low and high mental well-being compared to moderate mental well-being and also of CMDs.
Lower socioeconomic position (education, income and employment status) was associated with increased odds of low mental well-being and the presence of CMDs, but did not significantly predict high mental well-being. Relational/recreational behaviours (informal and formal social participation, social support and recreational activity) were associated with reduced odds of low mental well-being and CMDs, and also with increased odds of high mental well-being.
Socioeconomic predictors of high mental well-being do not mirror those of low mental well-being and CMDs, whereas relational/recreational predictors of high mental well-being do mirror those of low mental well-being and CMDs. These findings have important implications for public mental health strategies.
心理健康是美好生活的基础。既往文献已经探讨了精神障碍的预测因素和积极心理健康的连续测量。很少有研究专门关注不同水平心理健康的预测因素，但这些研究表明了不同的情况。本研究旨在比较社会经济和关系/娱乐行为对不同水平心理健康以及常见精神障碍（CMD）的预测作用。
本研究的数据来自于 2016 年丹麦心理健康和幸福感调查中年龄在 16 岁及以上的 3508 名成年人，并与丹麦全国基于登记的数据库进行了关联。使用 Warwick-Edinburgh 心理健康量表评估心理健康水平，使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-4）评估 CMDs 信息。回归分析用于估计与中度心理健康相比，低和高心理健康以及 CMDs 的预测因素。
较低的社会经济地位（教育、收入和就业状况）与较低心理健康水平和 CMDs 的患病风险增加相关，但与高心理健康水平的患病风险无显著关联。关系/娱乐行为（非正式和正式的社会参与、社会支持和娱乐活动）与较低心理健康水平和 CMDs 的患病风险降低相关，并且与较高心理健康水平的患病风险增加相关。
高心理健康水平的社会经济预测因素与低心理健康水平和 CMDs 的预测因素并不相同，而高心理健康水平的关系/娱乐预测因素与低心理健康水平和 CMDs 的预测因素相似。这些发现对公共心理健康策略具有重要意义。
