Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Mindfulness, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 12;23(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04504-y.
Mental health challenges are on the rise worldwide. In Iceland, little is known about the sociodemographic factors associated with poor mental health. This study aimed to investigate symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and psychiatric medication for mental disorders in a nationally representative sample in Iceland and to explore its associations with sociodemographic factors.
This Icelandic cross-sectional study 'Health and Wellbeing of Icelanders' was conducted in 2017 and included 9,887 randomly chosen adults. Participants' depression, anxiety, and stress levels were measured with the Depression Anxiety and Stress scale-21(DASS-21) and the association with sociodemographic factors and prescribed psychiatric medication was assessed in a multinominal logistic regression analysis.
The youngest age group (18 to 29 years old) had the poorest mental health. Males had a higher risk of medium and high depression scores than females, RRR 1.23 (95% CI 1.06-1.44) and RRR 1.71 (95% CI 1.25-2.33) when adjusted for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education, marital status, financial status, living area, employment) and use of psychiatric medication. Participants with the most considerable financial difficulties had the highest risk of high scores on depression RRR 11.19 (95% CI 5.8-21.57), anxiety RRR 12.35 (95% CI 5.62-27.14) and stress RRR 11.55 (95% CI 4.75-28.04) when compared to those that do not.
The youngest participants and those with the most extensive financial difficulties had the highest depression, anxiety, and stress scores. Males scored higher than females on depression. There was a trend towards worse mental health with lower sociodemographic status. Higher education, living with someone, and financial security were associated with better mental health. These results implicate the importance of government actions to counteract social inequalities in the Icelandic nation.
心理健康问题在全球范围内呈上升趋势。在冰岛，人们对与心理健康不良相关的社会人口因素知之甚少。本研究旨在调查冰岛全国代表性样本中抑郁、焦虑、压力和精神障碍的精神药物治疗症状，并探讨其与社会人口因素的关联。
这项冰岛横断面研究“冰岛人的健康和幸福感”于 2017 年进行，包括 9887 名随机选择的成年人。参与者的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平通过抑郁焦虑和压力量表-21（DASS-21）进行测量，并通过多项逻辑回归分析评估与社会人口因素和规定的精神药物治疗的关联。
最年轻的年龄组（18 至 29 岁）的心理健康状况最差。与女性相比，男性中中度和高度抑郁评分的风险更高，调整社会人口因素（年龄、性别、教育、婚姻状况、财务状况、居住区域、就业）和使用精神药物后，RRR 为 1.23（95%CI 1.06-1.44）和 RRR 1.71（95%CI 1.25-2.33）。与那些没有经济困难的人相比，经济困难最大的参与者出现高度抑郁评分的风险最高，RRR 为 11.19（95%CI 5.8-21.57），RRR 为 12.35（95%CI 5.62-27.14）和 RRR 为 11.55（95%CI 4.75-28.04）焦虑和压力。
最年轻的参与者和经济困难最大的参与者的抑郁、焦虑和压力评分最高。男性的抑郁评分高于女性。社会人口地位越低，心理健康状况越差。较高的教育程度、与他人同住和财务安全与更好的心理健康相关。这些结果表明，政府采取行动对抗冰岛社会不平等现象的重要性。
