Alexian Psychiatric Hospital, Tienen, Belgium,
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,
Neuropsychobiology. 2020;79(4-5):255-269. doi: 10.1159/000506134. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
Effortful control (EC) or self-regulation refers to the ability to regulate behavior, emotion, and cognition. It has been identified as a contributor to both adaptive and adverse outcomes in children, adolescents, and adults and this across many domains. As such, it could be considered as a transdiagnostic dimension underlying internalizing (e.g., mood and anxiety disorders) and externalizing (e.g., substance use disorders, ADHD) psychopathology. We aimed to examine the role of EC throughout the adult psychopathological spectrum by means of a literature search of studies published between 2008 and 2018. Overall, the results point to the role of EC in the development of a broad spectrum of psychiatric diagnosis, reflecting the transdiagnostic characteristic of this construct. This role may be both directly causal or as a mediator factor influencing outcomes of a specific disorder. Early assessment of EC and early interventions to improve EC might help to avoid or decrease the risk of developing psychopathology.
努力控制（EC）或自我调节是指调节行为、情绪和认知的能力。它被认为是儿童、青少年和成年人在许多领域的适应性和不良结果的促成因素。因此，它可以被视为内在化（例如，情绪和焦虑障碍）和外在化（例如，物质使用障碍，ADHD）精神病理学的一个跨诊断维度。我们旨在通过对 2008 年至 2018 年间发表的研究进行文献检索，来研究 EC 在整个成年精神病理谱中的作用。总的来说，研究结果表明 EC 在广泛的精神科诊断的发展中起着作用，反映了这一结构的跨诊断特征。这种作用可能是直接因果关系，也可能是影响特定疾病结果的中介因素。早期评估 EC 和改善 EC 的早期干预措施可能有助于避免或降低出现精神病理学的风险。
