Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA.
Behav Modif. 2021 Sep;45(5):740-768. doi: 10.1177/0145445520908509. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
Response effort refers to the distance, force/pressure, or number of discrete behaviors required to engage in a response. In applied behavior analysis, response effort has been used as an independent variable to address a variety of target responses. In this manuscript, we summarize recent clinical and organizational studies in which response effort was manipulated to increase a desirable behavior or decrease a problematic behavior. Recent clinical applications include the manipulation of response effort to decrease self-injurious behavior and pica and increase appropriate eating, compliance, and manding. Recent organizational applications include the manipulation of response effort to increase safety and recycling. We also review the collection of data on treatment integrity, social validity, and maintenance in response effort research and analyze the effectiveness of response effort manipulations. We conclude by discussing the putative behavioral mechanisms responsible for the effects of response effort manipulations and by providing some directions for future research.
反应努力是指为了进行反应而需要的距离、力量/压力或离散行为的数量。在应用行为分析中，反应努力已被用作自变量来解决各种目标反应。在本文中，我们总结了最近在临床和组织中应用反应努力来增加理想行为或减少问题行为的研究。最近的临床应用包括操纵反应努力以减少自伤行为和异食癖，增加适当的进食、依从性和指令。最近的组织应用包括操纵反应努力以增加安全性和回收利用。我们还回顾了关于反应努力研究中治疗完整性、社会有效性和维持的数据收集，并分析了反应努力操纵的有效性。最后，我们讨论了反应努力操纵效应的行为机制，并为未来的研究提供了一些方向。
